Slit Lamp Exam (diseases) Flashcards

1
Q

the most common lid disease is

A

blepharitis

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2
Q

what causes blepharitis?

A

staph bacteria that is normally on skin but builds up

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3
Q

sign of blepharitis is

A

flakes like dandruff

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4
Q

meibomitis is:

A

congestion of the meibomian glands from retention and over-production of oils

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5
Q

how do you grade meibomitis?

A

there are 3 stages and it is related to dry eye

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6
Q

what is trichiasis and what can it causes?

A

it is interned lashes that can cause foreign body sensation, increased tearing, and scratches that lead to corneal scarring (blindness)

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7
Q

what is a chalazion? what are some possible symptoms and side effects?

A

non-infectious granuloma from clogging of zeiss or meibomian glands
-should be no pain and possible induced astigmatism if pushing on cornea

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8
Q

what causes a hordeolum “stye”?

A

staph infection affecting zeiss, moll, and meibomian glands

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9
Q

what is different about a hordeoum versus a chalazion?

A

hordeolum is acute, painful red, hot and infectious but a hordeolum can turn into a chalazion

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10
Q

types of conjunctiva

A
  • palpebral (underside of eyelid)

- bulbar (white part of eye, on the globe)

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11
Q

what is a pinguecula?

A

degeneration of elastic tissue, fragmentation of collagen fibers often caused by UV and wind exposure

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12
Q

what is the appearance and signs of pinguecula?

A

whitish/yellowish elevation that has a nasal/temporal “base in” (wider towards cornea)

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13
Q

what is a pterygium?

A

a fibroelastic ingrowth that invades into the peripheral cornea at level of Bowman’s layer

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14
Q

what are the signs and results of pterygium?

A

it can induce astigmatism, it is mostly nasa/temporal, and it can cause drying in adjacent area

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15
Q

what is axenfeld’s loop?

A

black ciliary nerve loops on scleral surface, benign (no need for documentation in chart)

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16
Q

what is melanosis?

A
extra melanocytes (pigmentation) 
-document ABCDEs
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17
Q

what is subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

loose blood in the bulbar conjunctival space

from trauma or valsalva maneuver

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18
Q

how can hyperemia/injection be graded?

A

localized, diffuse, sector, circumlimbal, 1+ to 4+

caused by: infection, inflammation, foreign body, toxic, allergy

19
Q

what is chemises and what is it associated with?

A

it is temporary breakdown of cellular structure (edema, swelling) associated with allergy

20
Q

what are follicles?

A

infiltration of lymphocytes (WBCs) that look like cobblestone and have vessels surrounding the mound

21
Q

what are follicles associated with?

A

viral infection “pink eye” and toxic eye conditions

22
Q

what are papillae?

A

inflammatory cells that look like “goose bumps” and have a central vascular core

23
Q

what are papillae associated with?

A

immune response to bacteria or allergens

24
Q

GPC is associated with

A

CL wear or sutures

they can be >0.5mm to 3mm

25
what are concretions?
yellow/white degenerations from keratin, calcium and epithelial debris commonly seen (esp. in elderly)
26
what are inclusion cysts?
lymphatic, water fluid cyst usually in the palpebral conjunctiva that are translucent and clear
27
how do you view the episclera/sclera?
manual oscillation and blanch with 2.5% phenylephrine because episclera blanches and sclera won't
28
what is superficial punctate keratitis and what are some causes?
it is epithelial surface irregulars, edema, pinpoint cysts, infiltration of WBC, proteins, debris, cells that results in decreased VAs and irritated feeling
29
what is a dellen?
a dry, thinned, depressed spot at the peripheral cornea that is 0.5-1 mm
30
what other things can dellen be associated with?
dry eye, SPK, and surface irregularity
31
what beam set up is the best to view corneal stroma?
parallelepiped or optic section to determine depth (optic section best)
32
what are some things to determine is someone has an abrasion/ penetration/ perforation?
determine depth, stain, look for Seidel sign, check IOP
33
cornea stroma scars pass through what layer?
Bowman's membrane
34
what are subepithelial infiltrates and what causes them?
diffusion and accumulation of WBCs that move to site of antigen (think viral)
35
what is unique about the subepithelial infiltrates?
does not stain in fluorescein (mostly true)
36
what is the definition of a pannus?
a superficial vessel tuft grows over cornea in response to inflammation or as an immune response to infection
37
what is the definition of neovascularization?
new blood vessel growth in response to hypoxia from CL wear or staph infection
38
what are keratitic precipitates?
accumulation of WBC and epitheliod cells at level of corneal endothelium associated with inflammation
39
what is krunkenberg's spindle?
linear/vertical spindle on corneal endothelium, deposition of pigment by convection current
40
what is krukenberg's spindle associated with? what are the signs?
pigment dispersion syndrome, signs: transillumination defects, pigment in the angle, glaucoma
41
when guttata is advanced what is it known as?
Fuch's dystrophy
42
what is guttata?
depression of endothelium from loss of cells because the corneal endothelial pump is compromised
43
how is guttata best viewed?
by specular reflection
44
angle estimation is a comparison of the:
depth (width) of the anterior chamber with the thickness (width) of the cornea through which the beam travels