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OHP I > Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy > Flashcards

Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of illumination

A
  1. direct focal
  2. indirect.proximal
  3. retroillumination
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2
Q

types of direct (focal) illumination

A
  • diffuse
  • parallelpiped
  • optic section
  • conical beam
  • specular reflection
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3
Q

types of indirect (proximal) illumination

A
  • parallelpiped

- sclerotic scatter

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4
Q

what type of direct illumination is used for gross inspection over a maximum illuminated areas?

A

diffuse

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5
Q

what are some examples of structures observed during direct diffuse illumination

A

lids, lashes, lacrimal, conjunctiva

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6
Q

parallelepiped direct illumination is defined as any beam of light with a width between ___ mm and ___ mm

A

0.5mm and 2.0mm

between diffuse and optic section

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7
Q

what is the key feature of using parallelepiped direct illumination?

A

provides a 3D view (width, height, and depth

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8
Q

when evaluating the cornea using direct parallelepiped illumination, what is the illumination and magnification usually set to?

A

medium illumination and medium magnification

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9
Q

important structures you evaluate with parallelepiped direct illumination

A

cornea: edema, epithelium, endothelium, neovascularization
lens: vacuoles, cataract, Y-suture

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10
Q

what is the definition of direct optic section illumination

A

slit beam of light used to localize depth of defects

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11
Q

what kind of dimensional view does optic section provide?

A

2D (height and depth)

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12
Q

what is the usual widthXheight value for optic section?

A

0.5mm wide x 14mm high

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13
Q

optic section illumination is most importantly used for:

A

angle estimation

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14
Q

how can the optic section illumination be used to evaluate other structures (cornea, anterior chamber, lens)?

A

cornea: to determine depth of lesion
anterior chamber: to determine depth
lens: to determine depth, location, layer

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15
Q

the conical beam type of direct illumination is defined as:

A

a small round or square beam of light used to assess the status of the anterior chamber by oscillating between the cornea and the lens

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16
Q

you only evaluate what structure when using conical beam?

A

anterior chamber between the cornea (anterior boundary) and lens (posterior boundary)

17
Q

uses of the conical beam are?

A

evaluates anterior chamber for presence of cells, flare, or pigment

18
Q

the direct illumination specular reflection judges the:

A

quality of a surface

19
Q

what is the optical definition of specular reflection?

A

angle of incidence of the beam of the light from the slit lamp equals the angle of reflection of light into the biomicroscope

20
Q

what is unique about observation of specular reflection?

A

it is only observable through one ocular at a time

21
Q

when is specular reflection usually performed?

A

on patients with suspected endothelial cell dropout

22
Q

what is the reason for indirect/proximal types of illumination?

A

provides a softer, more scattered light to view abnormalities that would otherwise be washed out under direct illumination

23
Q

some examples of uses for indirect/proximal illumination

A
  • cornea: SEIs, corneal nerves, scars, neovascularization
  • iris
  • lens
24
Q

sclerotic scatter is a type of indirect illumination in which light is directed:

A

at the limbus to scatter light internally throughout the cornea

25
Q

what is unique about usage of the oculars during sclerotic scatter (indirect)?

A

may require the examiner to view the cornea outside of the biomicroscope in the case of central cornea clouding

26
Q

how is retroillumination defined?

A

zone of illumination that utilizes light bounced off another structure

27
Q

in retroillumination, objects that are opaque to light appear ____

A

dark

scars, pigment, blood vessels

28
Q

in retroillumination, objects that are clear will appear ____

A

light

cornea, lens

29
Q

in retroillumination, objects that scatter light will appear ____

A

light

epithelial edema, vacuoles

30
Q

what are some examples of structures direct retroillumination is useful for?

A
  • cornea
  • iris: transillumination defects
  • lens: posterior subcapsular cataract

OHP I (14 decks)

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