Slideshow 4

Question 1

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

What the drug does to the body
Includes drug action and drug effects

Question 2

Drug action

Answer 2

Refers to the interaction of the drug with its receptor

Question 3

Drug effects

Answer 3

Resulting behavioural, cognitive and emotional changes that are produced following drug action

Question 4

Down regulation

Answer 4

Desensitization

Question 5

Up regulation

Answer 5

Super sensitivity

Question 6

Specific effects

Answer 6

Depends on the presence of a chemical at certain concentrations

Question 7

Nonspecific effects

Answer 7

Derived from the users unique background

Question 8

Placebo effects

Answer 8

Those produced by an inactive chemical that the user believes to be a drug

Question 9

Nocebo

Answer 9

Fake medicine but you get all the side effects
- Likely distress associated with the ‘treatment’

Question 10

Dose response curve

Answer 10

Determine how much of a drug causes a particular effect

Question 11

Therapeutic index

Answer 11

A parameter which reflects the selectivity of a drug to elicit a desired effect rather than toxicity

Question 12

Therapeutic window

Answer 12

The range between the minimum toxic dose and the minimum therapeutic dose

Question 13

Potency

Answer 13

Measured by the amount of a drug required to produce a specific effect

Question 14

Toxicity

Answer 14

The capacity of the drug to cause damage or adverse side effects

Question 15

Polypharmacy

Answer 15

Medications are combined to improve therapeutic outcome
ie. caffeine and pain relievers

Question 16

Pharmacodynamic redundancy

Answer 16

Two drugs have the same or overlapping mechanism of action

Question 17

Pharmacokinetic interactions

Answer 17

One drug affects the other’s absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 18

Study of what the body does to the drug and how the drug moves through the body

Question 19

Metabolized

Answer 19

Chemically changed

Question 20

Excreted

Answer 20

“as is”

Question 21

First pass metabolism

Answer 21

Oral drugs undergo this process via the liver; other routed avoid the first pass effect

Question 22

Metabolites

Answer 22

• Byproduct produced when drug is broken down
• May no longer have the same action
• More likely to be excreted by kidneys

Question 23

Active metabolites

Answer 23

• Have drug actions of their own
• Usually weaker

Question 24

Zero order elimination

Answer 24

A constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time

Question 25

First order elimination

Answer 25

The amount of drug eliminated per unit time is proportional to a constant % of drug is eliminated per unit of time