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GI Anatomy > Slides > Flashcards

Slides Flashcards

1
Q

When is the characteristic shape of the stomach seen in embryo development?

A

7th week

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2
Q

Whats the diaphragm formed from?

A

Septum transversum in embryo

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3
Q

When the spleen formed? What from?

A

Aggregation of mesenchymal cells in 5th week

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4
Q

Describe pancreas development

A

Ventral bud closely associated with gall bladder and bile duct
Dorsal bud from duodenum tube
When duodenum rotates buds come into contact
Occurs in weeks 5-8

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5
Q

What part of the pancreas is formed from the ventral bud?

A

Uncinate process

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6
Q

What forms from the ventral mesogastrium?

A

Falciform ligament and lesser omentum

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7
Q

What forms from the dorsal mesogastrium?

A

Greater omentum
gastrosplenic ligament
splenorenal ligament

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8
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

Connects liver to lesser curvature of stomach
Has a free edge so folds back to create a double layer containing hepatic artery, the common bile duct, the portal vein, lymphatics, and the hepatic plexus of nerves

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9
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

Elongation of gut tube in 5th week causes it to bulge ventrally as the vitelline duct

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10
Q

What happens in the 6th-9th week of development for the gut tube?

A

Loop of GI tract enters umbilical coelom and begins anticlockwise rotation (so that SMA is anterior to duodenum)
Vitelline duct then regresses and proximal limb elongates and becomes pleated

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11
Q

What happens in week 10 of development of the gut tube?

A

Rotation continues
Gut tube renters abdomen, proximal limb first
Distal limb elongates and rotates so caecum is in R iliac fossa and the greater omentum then grows

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12
Q

Whats an omphalocele?

A

When gut fails to re-enter abdomen at week 10, leading to amnion covered intestines outside of anterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

What abnormalities can occur if the vitelline duct doesn’t regress properly?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum, Umbilicoileal fistula, volvulus

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14
Q

What can occur if the gut doesn’t rotate properly?

A

Nonrotation-> odd placement
Volvulus->obstructed duodenum
Reverse rotation-> duodenum anterior to colon-> SMA can compress colon
Partial rotation-> subhepatic caecum

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15
Q

What happens between weeks 4-7 in the hindgut?

A

Urorectal septum elongates so cloacal membrane now urogenital membrane+ anal membrane
Mesenchyme then proliferates-> anal pit

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16
Q

What happens at week 8 in the anal region?

A

Breakdown of anal membrane to form ectoderm lines anal canal

17
Q

Where is the ano-rectal junction?

A

Where rectum passes through pelvic floor (and puborectalis)

18
Q

What marks the endoderm/ectoderm split?

A

The pectinate line (where anal sinuses end)

Below anorectal junction

19
Q

What is the clinical significance of the endoderm/ectoderm split?

A 
Endoderm= diffuse visceral pain
Ectoderm= sharp localised somatic pain
20
Q

Describe the peritoneum around the descending and sigmoid colon

A 
Descending= 2º retroperitoneal
Sigmoid= intraperitoneal
21
Q

Describe the peritoneum of the middle 1/3 of the rectum

A

Only peritoneum on anterior surface

22
Q

What is a rectovaginal fistula?

A

Rectum enters vagina instead of exiting at anus

23
Q

Where should the liver be?

A

Behind 5th-10th rib on R side

24
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the liver called?

A

Diaphragmatic, visceral

25
Q

Where is the ductus venosus?

A

In the root of the lesser omentum as a fetus, in adult it is the ligamentum venosum

26
Q

What is the umbilical vein after birth?

A

Ligamentum teres (found at free edge of falciform ligament)

27
Q

What is caput medusae?

A

Recanalisation of the umbilical vein, seen in portal hypertension
= engorged veins on anterior abdominal wall

28
Q

What can cause splenomegaly?

A

Immune response

Portal hypertension

29
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?

A

In acute pancreatitis when there is bruising of the flanks (between last rib and top of hip) due to retroperitoneal bleeding

30
Q

What is Cullen’s sign

A

A sign of acute pancreatitis, bruising/bleeding just below umbilicus, haemorrhage travels through umbilical ligament/ligamentum teres

GI Anatomy (5 decks)

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