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GI Anatomy > Practical 3 > Flashcards

Practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How is the position of the liver maintained?

A

By the attachment of the hepatic veins posteriorly. Sometimes the vena cava is embedded in the liver

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2
Q

How superior does the liver reach?

A

To the upper margin of the 5th rib, mid clavicular line on the R side

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3
Q

How inferior does the liver reach?

A

To the lowest point of the right costal margin

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4
Q

What is the hilum of the liver called?

A

Porta hepatis (door to the liver)

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5
Q

When looking posteriorly, what structures are adjacent to the IVC and gall bladder?

A

Lesser omentum and falciform ligament (that comes anteriorly)

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6
Q

What is the area of the liver found between the IVC and lesser omentum root (posteriorly)

A

Caudate lobe

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7
Q

What is the fold of peritoneum to the L of the lesser omentum root called?

A

L triangular ligament

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8
Q

What is the area of the liver between the anterior coronary ligament, R triangular ligament and posterior coronary ligament called?

A

Bare area, in contact with diaphragm via areolar tissue

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9
Q

What structured are found in the embryo to bypass the liver?

A

Umbilical vein (to hepatic portal vein) and ductus venosus (to IVC)

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10
Q

What is the umbilical vein called in adulthood?

A

Ligamentum teres (connects umbilicus to porta hepatis, running within the free edge of the falciform ligament)

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11
Q

What does the ductus venosus turn into in adulthood?

A

Ligamentum venosum (found in root of lesser omentum)

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12
Q

What marks the anatomical lobes of the liver?

A

Saggital plane passing through the falciform ligament and lesser omentum (+fissures for ligamentum teres and venosum)

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13
Q

Where is the caudate lobe?

A

Lobe of liver between IVC and root of lesser omentum/fissure for ligamentum venosum

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14
Q

Where is the quadrate lobe?

A

Lobe of liver between gall bladder bed and the ligamentum teres

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15
Q

What is another name for the right posterior subphrenic space?

A

Hepatorenal pouch

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16
Q

What is the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver related to?

A

R suprarenal gland, R kidney and transverse mesocolon

17
Q

What is the visceral surface of the left lobe of the liver related to?

A

Stomach snd oesophagus

18
Q

Describe the course of the hepatic artery proper

A

Celiac artery->hepatic artery proper enters mesentery of initial part of duodenum then curves upwards in lesser omentum with bile duct and HPV to the liver

19
Q

How are the three vessels arranged in the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatic portal vein medially

Bile duct laterally

20
Q

Describe the hepatic veins

A

Usually 3, embedded in liver tissue
Drain all the sinusoids->IVC
Devoid of valves

21
Q

Where is the hepatic portal vein formed?

A

Behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein (which already has inf. mesenteric vein)

22
Q

Why is the oesophageal venous drainage clinically relevant?

A

Mid part of the oesophagus= azygous vein system
Lower part of oesophagus= L gastric-> HPV
If HPV blocked or hypertensive then blood can be diverted to azygous system via oesophagus
= oesophageal varices

23
Q

In liver cirrhosis, where are varices seen?

A

At points of porto-systemic anastomoses

Oesophagus, anal canal (haemorrhoids) and umbilicus (caput medusae)

24
Q

Where is the sympathetic supply of the liver from?

A

Celiac ganglia (afferents can transmit pain)

25
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

L hypochondrium, level of the posterior parts of ribs 9-11, no more forwards than the midaxillary line

26
Q

What are the notches on the spleen from?

A

Impressions from the stomach, kidney, colon and pancreas

27
Q

What is the spleen suspended in?

A

Splenorenal and gastrosplenic ligaments

28
Q

What is found in the splenorenal ligament?

A

Splenic artery, splenic vein and tail of the pancreas

29
Q

What is found in the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels

30
Q

Why does the spleen enlarge during digestion?

A

Increased blood supply to the GI system

31
Q

When looking at the inferior mesenteric vessels, which is on the right?

A

Inf mesenteric artery is on the R, vein is on the L

GI Anatomy (5 decks)

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