Slide specific Assessment 1 flash cards
What does ADL stand for?
Activities of Daily living
What does IADL stand for?
Instrumental activities of daily living
What is Occupational Performance?
Completing meaningful activities by a person, groups or populations.
What is Functional Anatomy
Underlying body structures that contribute to movements and daily function. Includes motor skills.
What is functional Mobility?
Moving from one position or place to another such as changing positions in bed, transferring or walking.
What is Surface Anatomy?
Features that are palpable or visible on the surface of the skin.
What is a bony landmark?
Component of bone that protrudes underneath the skin.
What is the correct anatomical position?
Standing upright
Feet apart
Head forward
Arms at sides
Palms forward
What does posterior relate too?
Back or Dorsal
What does anterior relate to?
Front, Volar or Ventral
Describe attributes associated with the sagittal plane
Divides body into left and right side
Midsagittal plane is in the center (Midline)
Flexion and extension movements
Describe attributes associated with the frontal plane
Also called the coronal plane
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions
Abduction and adduction movements
Describe attributes associated with the transverse plane
Divides body into inferior and superior portions
Rotatory movements
What is an ellipsoid joint?
Oval shaped convex end articulates with elliptical concave basin of another.
Motion around 2 axes
Example: Radiocarpal joint
What is a gliding joint?
2 flat surfaces of adjacent bones
Least movement
Translation (gliding) movements between surfaces
Example: Carpal bones of the wrist
What are the two main approaches in the context of occupational therapy within a physical health setting?
Biomechanical
Biopsychosocial
What is biomechanics and what is its approach?
To diagnose disfunction, we first need to understand what ‘normal’ function is.
What is normal & what is abnormal?
Biomechanics is the science of
living body movement.
It including how muscles, Tendons, Ligaments and bones work together to move?
Biomechanics helps us understand why, the
human body moves the way it
does, in both optimal
conditions and not.
When and who published the bio-psycho-social approach?
George L Engel
1977
What are the key differences between the biomedical model and social model of health?
- According to the biomedical model, health is an individuals responsibility and refers to an objective biological state characterized by the absence of illness (Germov, 2019).
- In contrast, the social model defines health as a social construct. This is influenced by social factors including a person’s living conditions, working condition, political, and social environments.
List each element that goes into the Biopsychosocial approach.
Health conditions
Body structures function and impairment
Activities and there limitations
Participation and Restrictions
Environment and Barriers
Personal factors.
What does ICF-DH stand for?
Classification
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
What are the different aims of the ICF
A process for understanding health
* Health related states
* Outcomes
* Determinants
* Changes in health status and functioning.
- Establishes a common language for health and health related states in order to **improve communication **between Healthcare workers
- Researchers
- Policy makers
- Public
- People with disabilities.
Promotes comparison of data across countries, healthcare disciplines, services and time.
Provides a systematic coding scheme for health information systems.
Define mass
Mass is the measure of the amount of
matter in a body and the units are kg.
Mass is a measurement of an
objects tendency to resist changing its
state of motion, known as inertia.
Define weight
Weight is a measure of downward
force exerted on a body - it is the
product of mass and gravity and
measured in Newtons.
Define center of gravity
Centre of gravity/mass - An imaginary point
in a body where the total weight of the
body may be thought to be concentrated. In a
human this is usually around the belly button.
Our center of gravity will change with our
positioning and also when weight distribution
is changed such as during pregnancy, when
carrying a heavy bag on your back, or
following injury or during illness.
Define base of support
The base of support (BOS)
refers to the area beneath an
object or person that includes
every point of contact that the
object or person makes with
the supporting surface.
What is the line of gravity?
The line of gravity (LoG)
is an imaginary vertical
line passing from the
centre of gravity (CoG)
to the ground.
What is functional stability?
Functional (dynamic) stability:
▪ Stability required for an individual to perform a particular task in a specific environmental
context
▪ Depends on body structure and function, personal & environmental factors
What are 3 ways you can increase stability?
▪ Increase base of support and maintain LOG within its boundaries
▪ Increase surface area and friction of points of contact with ground
▪ Carry objects close to body and distribute weight as evenly as possible
Name the 5 different attributes of positioning.
Position:
▪ static location of an
object or individual in space
▪ Body’s general position
▪ Angles
▪ Dimensions
▪ Location within environment
What are pressure sores?
Pressure sores:
▪ Areas of high pressure
▪ Often involve a bony
prominence (area where a
bone protrudes beneath skin)
What are the 3 P’s of positioning?
Posture:
▪ Changing segments of the body in response to the demands of an acivity.
Postural alignment:
▪ Collective position of these body segments at any given moment
▪ Necessary for occupational performance
Postural control:
▪ Ability to achieve or maintain a balanced body position for a given activity
▪ Voluntary and involuntary adjustments
What 3 attributes go into standing posture?
Standing posture:
▪ Neutral alignment of the joints of the body
▪ Level pelvis supporting the natural curvature
of the spine
Quiet standing:
▪ Upper body vertically balanced above pelvis
▪ Supporting head, neck, and upper extremities
Postural sway:
▪ Small movements from side to side and front
to back
What 4 elements go into seated posture?
▪ Neutral pelvic tilt
▪ Upright trunk with balanced curvature of spine
▪ Neutral head and neck
▪ Ears aligned with the shoulders
Define Ergonomics
The study of human interaction and efficiency within the work environment
What is posture and occupation?
HRRR
Posture is affected by roles, habits,
routines, and rituals.
Name all synovial joints and thier locations
Hinge (Elbow)
Saddle (Carpometacarpal joint)
Planar (acromioclavicular joint)
Pivot (atlantoaxial joint)
Condyloid (Metacarpophalangeal joint)
Ball and socket (Hip joint)
