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A&P II Exam 1 > Slide Set 1 > Flashcards

Slide Set 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Free water clearance is governed by

A

ADH

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2
Q

Flexible vessels have a _____ pulse pressure, while stiff vessels have a ______ pressure.

A

narrower; wider

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3
Q

Formula for compliance

A

C = ΔP/ ΔV or ΔP/CO

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4
Q

Compliance is

A

how stretchy our vessels are

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5
Q

Elastance is

A

how resistant our vessels are to stretch; rigidity

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6
Q

Formula for elastance

A

1/compliance

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7
Q

Formula for MAP

A

DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

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8
Q

Pulmonary artery pressure

A

25/8

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9
Q

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure

A

16

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10
Q

Left atrial pressure range

A

2-5 mmHg

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11
Q

Left venticular pressure range

A

2-120 mmHg

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12
Q

Right atrial pressure range

A

0-4 mmHg; assume 0 mmHg

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13
Q

Right ventircular pressure range

A

0-25 mmHg

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14
Q

List, in order from greatest to least, the cross sectional areas of the vessels

A

Capillaries: 2500 cm
Venules: 250 cm
Veins: 80 cm
Arterioles: 40 cm
Arteries: 20 cm
Vena Cava: 8.5 cm
Aorta: 2.5 cm

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15
Q

What metabolic byproducts are likely to be let go at the level of the capillary

A

Hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and adenosine

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16
Q

Normal Pcap: what is it and what does it favor

A

30 at arterial end; 10 at venular end - Physical fluid pressure or BP in the capillary; favors filtration at arterial end and reabsorption at the venular end

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17
Q

Normal Pisf: what is it and what does it favor

A

-3 mmHg; hydrostatic/hydraulic/physical pressure of interstitial fluid; favors filtration

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18
Q

Normal Πcap: what is it and what does it favor

A

28 mmHg; capillary colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure; favors reabsorption

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19
Q

Normal Πisf: what is it and what does it favor

A

8 mmHg; intersitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure; favors filtration

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20
Q

For each _____ drop below the heart, BP drops __ mmHg?

A

13.6 mm or 1.36 cm; 1

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21
Q

Pouiselle’s Law equation

A

Flow = Π(r^4)ΔP / 8n

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22
Q

Formula for distensibility

A

ΔP/(ΔV x original volume)

23
Q

Define distensibility

A

Estimate of how expandable something is

24
Q

Systemic veins are __x distensible than systemic arteries

A

8

25
Q

Equation for Reynolds number; what does it indicate

A

Re = vdp/n; a result > 2000 indicates turbulent blood flow

26
Q

When does pulse pressure widen?

A

When vessels are less compliant

27
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

What does NTS stand for?

A

Nucleus tractus solitarius

29
Q

What is CN X?

A

The vagus nerve

30
Q

When the baroreceptors sense a high blood pressure they

A

increase their firing rate; stimulate the PNS and inhibit the SNS

31
Q

What is happening during phase I of the cardiac cycle?

A

FILLING
Phase I is divided into thirds:
AV valves open
1st third is a rapid filling when the pressure of the atria exceeds that of the ventricle
2nd third adds about 10 mL of volume
3rd third sees a small increase in ventricular pressure due to atrial kick

32
Q

What is happening during phase II of the cardiac cycle?

A

ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION
AV valves close
All valves are closed
Start of systole
Rapid increase in intraventricular pressure

33
Q

What is happening during phase III of the cardiac cycle?

A

EJECTION
Aortic valve opens
Divided into thirds
1st third is a period of rapid ejection; 70% of SV ejected
Last 2/3s sees a slower rate of ejection and aortic pressure starting to exceed that of the ventricle

34
Q

What is happening during phase IV of the cardiac cycle?

A

ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION
Aortic valve closed
All valves closed
Rapid decrease in intraventricular pressure
Slight increase in aortic pressure before sharp decrease
V wave starts d/t building up of fluid in atria

35
Q

A wave signals

A

atrial kick; caused by the kickback of blood into the vena cava at end of diastole

36
Q

V wave signals? When does it occur?

A

result of volume building up in the atria; occurs at the end of systole or phase IV

37
Q

C wave indicates? When does it occur?

A

pressure from the tricuspid valve bowing back during ventricular contraction
Phase II

38
Q

The P wave preceeds

A

the A wave or atrial kick

39
Q

QRS occurs before

A

a spike in intraventricular pressure

40
Q

Normal ESV

A

50 mL

41
Q

Normal EDV

A

120 mL

42
Q

Normal SV

A

70 mL

43
Q

What value of intraventricular pressure does the aortic valve close at?

A

100 mmHg

44
Q

A right shift in the venous return (VR) curve indicates

A

an increase in venous tone or volume

45
Q

A left shift in the venous return (VR) curve indicates

A

a decrease in venous tone or volume

46
Q

The majority of filling pressure is dictated by

A

venous tone

47
Q

Venous return formula

A

VR = Psf-RAP / RVR

48
Q

Without increases in circulating catecholamines, the heart can increase it’s CO to?

A

13 L/min

49
Q

A left shift in the CO curve indicates

A

strong sympathetic stimulation or hypereffective heart

50
Q

A right shift in the CO curve indicates

A

parasympathetic stimulation or a hypoeffective heart

51
Q

Another phrase for Psf (systemic filling pressure)

A

Mean circulatory filling pressure –> includes pulmonary circuit

52
Q

Increases in SVR can cause increases in

A

RVR (resistance to venous return)

53
Q

Increases in RVR cause the slope to

A

Decrease

54
Q

Dec

A

A&P II Exam 1 (5 decks)

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