Slide Set 1

Question 1

Free water clearance is governed by

Answer 1

ADH

Question 2

Flexible vessels have a _____ pulse pressure, while stiff vessels have a ______ pressure.

Answer 2

narrower; wider

Question 3

Formula for compliance

Answer 3

C = ΔP/ ΔV or ΔP/CO

Question 4

Compliance is

Answer 4

how stretchy our vessels are

Question 5

Elastance is

Answer 5

how resistant our vessels are to stretch; rigidity

Question 6

Formula for elastance

Answer 6

1/compliance

Question 7

Formula for MAP

Answer 7

DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

Question 8

Pulmonary artery pressure

Answer 8

25/8

Question 9

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure

Answer 9

16

Question 10

Left atrial pressure range

Answer 10

2-5 mmHg

Question 11

Left venticular pressure range

Answer 11

2-120 mmHg

Question 12

Right atrial pressure range

Answer 12

0-4 mmHg; assume 0 mmHg

Question 13

Right ventircular pressure range

Answer 13

0-25 mmHg

Question 14

List, in order from greatest to least, the cross sectional areas of the vessels

Answer 14

Capillaries: 2500 cm
Venules: 250 cm
Veins: 80 cm
Arterioles: 40 cm
Arteries: 20 cm
Vena Cava: 8.5 cm
Aorta: 2.5 cm

Question 15

What metabolic byproducts are likely to be let go at the level of the capillary

Answer 15

Hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, and adenosine

Question 16

Normal Pcap: what is it and what does it favor

Answer 16

30 at arterial end; 10 at venular end - Physical fluid pressure or BP in the capillary; favors filtration at arterial end and reabsorption at the venular end

Question 17

Normal Pisf: what is it and what does it favor

Answer 17

-3 mmHg; hydrostatic/hydraulic/physical pressure of interstitial fluid; favors filtration

Question 18

Normal Πcap: what is it and what does it favor

Answer 18

28 mmHg; capillary colloid osmotic pressure or oncotic pressure; favors reabsorption

Question 19

Normal Πisf: what is it and what does it favor

Answer 19

8 mmHg; intersitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure; favors filtration

Question 20

For each _____ drop below the heart, BP drops __ mmHg?

Answer 20

13.6 mm or 1.36 cm; 1

Question 21

Pouiselle’s Law equation

Answer 21

Flow = Π(r^4)ΔP / 8n

Question 22

Formula for distensibility

Answer 22

ΔP/(ΔV x original volume)

Question 23

Define distensibility

Answer 23

Estimate of how expandable something is

Question 24

Systemic veins are __x distensible than systemic arteries

Answer 24

8

Question 25

Equation for Reynolds number; what does it indicate

Answer 25

Re = vdp/n; a result > 2000 indicates turbulent blood flow

Question 26

When does pulse pressure widen?

Answer 26

When vessels are less compliant

Question 27

What is CN IX?

Answer 27

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 28

What does NTS stand for?

Answer 28

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 29

What is CN X?

Answer 29

The vagus nerve

Question 30

When the baroreceptors sense a high blood pressure they

Answer 30

increase their firing rate; stimulate the PNS and inhibit the SNS

Question 31

What is happening during phase I of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 31

FILLING Phase I is divided into thirds: AV valves open 1st third is a rapid filling when the pressure of the atria exceeds that of the ventricle 2nd third adds about 10 mL of volume 3rd third sees a small increase in ventricular pressure due to atrial kick

Question 32

What is happening during phase II of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 32

ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION AV valves close All valves are closed Start of systole Rapid increase in intraventricular pressure

Question 33

What is happening during phase III of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 33

EJECTION Aortic valve opens Divided into thirds 1st third is a period of rapid ejection; 70% of SV ejected Last 2/3s sees a slower rate of ejection and aortic pressure starting to exceed that of the ventricle

Question 34

What is happening during phase IV of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 34

ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION Aortic valve closed All valves closed Rapid decrease in intraventricular pressure Slight increase in aortic pressure before sharp decrease V wave starts d/t building up of fluid in atria

Question 35

A wave signals

Answer 35

atrial kick; caused by the kickback of blood into the vena cava at end of diastole

Question 36

V wave signals? When does it occur?

Answer 36

result of volume building up in the atria; occurs at the end of systole or phase IV

Question 37

C wave indicates? When does it occur?

Answer 37

pressure from the tricuspid valve bowing back during ventricular contraction Phase II

Question 38

The P wave preceeds

Answer 38

the A wave or atrial kick

Question 39

QRS occurs before

Answer 39

a spike in intraventricular pressure

Question 40

Normal ESV

Answer 40

50 mL

Question 41

Normal EDV

Answer 41

120 mL

Question 42

Normal SV

Answer 42

70 mL

Question 43

What value of intraventricular pressure does the aortic valve close at?

Answer 43

100 mmHg

Question 44

A right shift in the venous return (VR) curve indicates

Answer 44

an increase in venous tone or volume

Question 45

A left shift in the venous return (VR) curve indicates

Answer 45

a decrease in venous tone or volume

Question 46

The majority of filling pressure is dictated by

Answer 46

venous tone

Question 47

Venous return formula

Answer 47

VR = Psf-RAP / RVR

Question 48

Without increases in circulating catecholamines, the heart can increase it's CO to?

Answer 48

13 L/min

Question 49

A left shift in the CO curve indicates

Answer 49

strong sympathetic stimulation or hypereffective heart

Question 50

A right shift in the CO curve indicates

Answer 50

parasympathetic stimulation or a hypoeffective heart

Question 51

Another phrase for Psf (systemic filling pressure)

Answer 51

Mean circulatory filling pressure --> includes pulmonary circuit

Question 52

Increases in SVR can cause increases in

Answer 52

RVR (resistance to venous return)

Question 53

Increases in RVR cause the slope to

Answer 53

Decrease

Question 54

Dec