Slide 3- Risky Behaviours and Delinquency Flashcards
What is delinquency and what does it cover
Covers various deviant behaviours, some of them violent and some less dangerous or harmful
What is Matzo’s Delinquency and Drift discuss
Discusses the techniques of neutralization used by delinquents who wish to justify their harmful actions
Between the sexes who is more likely to report running away from home
females
Between the sexes who were more likely to report all of the other 12 behaviours
males
Are older or younger students more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour
Older students are more likely than younger students to engage in delinquent behaviour
What are the 13 delinquent behaviours
fire setting
theft of goods $50 or less
Vandalism
Assault
Ran away
Carried a weapon
Car theft/Joyride
Sold Cannabis
Theft of goods over $50
Break and Enter
Gang Fighting
Sold other drugs
Carried a handgun
Where is the evidence of delinquency most evident in
Clearest for poor youth in poor neighbourhoods
Why do people break the rules
They break the rules when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and believe they have nothing to lose by doing
What is Hirschi’s view on Risky Behaviour and Delinquency
Argued that, without controls, people are more likely to commit delinquent or criminal acts
Why do people break the rules?
They break the rules when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and believe they have nothing to lose by doing
What are the four social bonds that promote conformity. [ACIB]
- Attachment: Interest in others
- Commitment: Effort spent in conventional lines of social activity
- Involvement: Time spent on activities that support conventional interests
- Belief: Faith in the laws of society
Which sexes are most likely to be involved in delinquent acts
From early age onward, girls are less likely to be involved in delinquent acts
What was John Hagan et al’s theory and what does it explain
The POWER CONTROL THEORY. attempts to explain the relationship between class, gender, and delinquency
What examples are provided in the power control theory to help understand family relationships and their effects on delinquency?
In two-parent middle-class families [where husband and wife have roughly equal roles] sons and daughters receive equal treatment [looser supervision]
In two-parent working class families [where husband and wife have unequal work roles] sons are given more freedom than daughters
Due to greater supervision, working class daughters are least likely to commit deviant acts
What is bullying
The assertion of power through aggression
How do bullies acquire power over their victims
physically, emotionally, and socially
What percent of children with aggression problems grow up to have problems with violence
30-40 percent
Bullying remains over time, but changes with age, how [from young children to adult]
Young children bully through pushing, shoving, name-calling, teasing, and isolation
Teenagers bully through sexual harassment, gang violence, and dating violence
Adults bully through assaults, marital violence, child abuse, workplace harassment, and senior abuse
How does gender differ when it comes to bullying
Both boys and girls bully and are bullied at approximately the same rate, though boys are more physical, girls are more indirect in their bullying
How does age affect the way people buklly
Bullying from ages 4-10 is the same sex; ages 11-18 expands into opposite-sex bullying
How does temperament show up differently in sexes
Bulies tend to be hyperactive, disruptive,impulsive, are physically strong [if boys] and have little empathy or remorse
Does victimization decrease across grade
yes
Is bullying a group activity or solo
85 percent of bullying episodes occur in the context of a peer group
who has the highest risk of automobile accidents
Young men, of all drivers, have the highest risk of automobile accidents, which are the most common causes of death for that group
Who is social network bullying most prominent from
Very common among highschool students, especially among girls
How does juvenile sex thrive
It thrives on unsupervised time
- More than half of sexually- active youth reports having sex at home after school
what do women believe that they do not need to use condoms
Women who fail to use condoms mostly claim little risk of pregnancy or an STD
What do men believe that they do not need to use condoms
Men who fail to use condoms most often cite inconvenience or unavailability
What is a peer group
Is a group of interacting companions who share similar social characteristics, interests, tastes, and values
What is a reference group
It provides the standards against which people and behaviours are evaluated
All references groups acts as agents of scialization by giving people clear illustrations of how to behave
Not all risky behaviour is considered delinquency in the Canadian Criminal Code, though all delinquency is risky behaviour
Who was Frederick Thrasher and what did he argue
Believed taht gangs orignate in the playgrounds of youth
What is the purpose of gangs
It is to create better societies for boys whose society is, at present, inadequate
How does a group turn into a gang from Frederick Thrashers viewpoint
He proposed that when group cohesion increases because of conflict with another group, the playgroup may evolve into a gang
The group becomes a gang when it forms a _______
Group consciousness
Whyte street corner society and what they believed about subcultures of delinquency
Believed that gangs have an organic relationship with the community in which it forms
What leads to high rates of social interactions within the gang
Stable position of a gang, and a lack of contact with outsiders, leads to high rates of social interactions with gang
Are gangs viewed as disorganized groups or highly organized
Highly organized
Albert Cohen arguement
Noted that gang members resist pressures of home, school, and other agencies that attempt to regulate any of their activities
How does resistance of authority arise
Arises from ineffective famly supervision and poor parent-child functioning
What were Robert Gord five distinct type of ‘young gangs’
Youth groups: Small clusters of friends
Youth movements: Groups that dress distinctively and have specific activities
Criminal Groups: Friends that commit crimes together
Criminal Business organizations: Groups that participate in crimes only for financial gain
Street Gangs: Combined groups of youths and adults who form semi-organized, profit baed-groups
What distingueshes street gangs from from the other four distinct types of ‘young gangs’
Street gangs is that members of street gangs identify themselves through dress and street name
Who is most considered to be throwaways
LGBTQ+
How often does a person who has been thrown into the street hasn’t been employed since
80 percent of street youth have not been employed since taking to the streets
What are the three main methods of finding money for throwaways/ people in the streets
Panhandling[begging] [75 percent of street youth partake in this]
Social Assitance
Crime [Particularly prostitution or survival sex]
What were Hagan and McCarthy find about street youth
Majority of street youth come from dysfunctional families
Lack of necessities of life [ food, shelter, income]
What are runaways
Are youths who stray from parental homes, rules, and expectations
Rarely on the street due to family poverty, through they are often from financially unstable, unbroken, or reconstituted families
Biological mothers were most often cited as perpetrators [63 percent] followed by biological fathers [ 45 percent]
yes
How do functionalist theories view crime and delinquency?
Crime and delinquency are a result of social disorganization and defective attachment to the social order
How do symbolic interaction theorists view juvenile delinquency
Being labelled a ‘delinquent’ depends largely on the reactions of others towards non-conforming behaviours
If a person is labelled ‘deviant’ opportunities for legitimate activity may diminish
How do critical theorists view juvenile delinquency
Power struggles arise between the legal system [judge, police] and minority groups oppressed by it
Feminist approach to delinquency and crime
Female crime has increased in some areas, including delinquency and minor assault
What did Adler argue about women being involved in public life and the labour market
women become more involved in public life and the labour market, their opportunities for crime increase. In turn, the number of crimes committed by women also increases
What is status offences
[girls who exhibit behaviours typically found under the umbrella ex. sexual activity, running away, school truancy]
Why will status offences be harshly punished
They will be punished because they violate expected gender roles
What are some economic consequences of delinquency
Stealing/destruction of personal property
Lost days of work/school/lost productivity for the society as a whole
What is a key factor in preventing delinquency
Education is agreed by the public as a few factor in preventing delinquency
How does the new legislation state what the purpose of sentencing is
It is to hold a young person accountable for the offence committed by imposing meaningful consequences and promoting the rebailitation and reintegration of the young person
Definition of reintegration
Action or process of integrating someone back into society
