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SOC 224 > Slide 3- Risky Behaviours and Delinquency > Flashcards

Slide 3- Risky Behaviours and Delinquency Flashcards

1
Q

What is delinquency and what does it cover

A

Covers various deviant behaviours, some of them violent and some less dangerous or harmful

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2
Q

What is Matzo’s Delinquency and Drift discuss

A

Discusses the techniques of neutralization used by delinquents who wish to justify their harmful actions

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3
Q

Between the sexes who is more likely to report running away from home

A

females

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4
Q

Between the sexes who were more likely to report all of the other 12 behaviours

A

males

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5
Q

Are older or younger students more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour

A

Older students are more likely than younger students to engage in delinquent behaviour

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6
Q

What are the 13 delinquent behaviours

A

fire setting
theft of goods $50 or less
Vandalism
Assault
Ran away
Carried a weapon
Car theft/Joyride
Sold Cannabis
Theft of goods over $50
Break and Enter
Gang Fighting
Sold other drugs
Carried a handgun

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7
Q

Where is the evidence of delinquency most evident in

A

Clearest for poor youth in poor neighbourhoods

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8
Q

Why do people break the rules

A

They break the rules when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and believe they have nothing to lose by doing

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9
Q

What is Hirschi’s view on Risky Behaviour and Delinquency

A

Argued that, without controls, people are more likely to commit delinquent or criminal acts

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10
Q

Why do people break the rules?

A

They break the rules when they believe they have something to gain by doing so and believe they have nothing to lose by doing

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11
Q

What are the four social bonds that promote conformity. [ACIB]

A
  1. Attachment: Interest in others
  2. Commitment: Effort spent in conventional lines of social activity
  3. Involvement: Time spent on activities that support conventional interests
  4. Belief: Faith in the laws of society
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12
Q

Which sexes are most likely to be involved in delinquent acts

A

From early age onward, girls are less likely to be involved in delinquent acts

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13
Q

What was John Hagan et al’s theory and what does it explain

A

The POWER CONTROL THEORY. attempts to explain the relationship between class, gender, and delinquency

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14
Q

What examples are provided in the power control theory to help understand family relationships and their effects on delinquency?

A

In two-parent middle-class families [where husband and wife have roughly equal roles] sons and daughters receive equal treatment [looser supervision]

In two-parent working class families [where husband and wife have unequal work roles] sons are given more freedom than daughters

Due to greater supervision, working class daughters are least likely to commit deviant acts

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15
Q

What is bullying

A

The assertion of power through aggression

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16
Q

How do bullies acquire power over their victims

A

physically, emotionally, and socially

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17
Q

What percent of children with aggression problems grow up to have problems with violence

A

30-40 percent

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18
Q

Bullying remains over time, but changes with age, how [from young children to adult]

A

Young children bully through pushing, shoving, name-calling, teasing, and isolation

Teenagers bully through sexual harassment, gang violence, and dating violence

Adults bully through assaults, marital violence, child abuse, workplace harassment, and senior abuse

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19
Q

How does gender differ when it comes to bullying

A

Both boys and girls bully and are bullied at approximately the same rate, though boys are more physical, girls are more indirect in their bullying

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20
Q

How does age affect the way people buklly

A

Bullying from ages 4-10 is the same sex; ages 11-18 expands into opposite-sex bullying

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21
Q

How does temperament show up differently in sexes

A

Bulies tend to be hyperactive, disruptive,impulsive, are physically strong [if boys] and have little empathy or remorse

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22
Q

Does victimization decrease across grade

A

yes

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23
Q

Is bullying a group activity or solo

A

85 percent of bullying episodes occur in the context of a peer group

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24
Q

who has the highest risk of automobile accidents

A

Young men, of all drivers, have the highest risk of automobile accidents, which are the most common causes of death for that group

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25
Q

Who is social network bullying most prominent from

A

Very common among highschool students, especially among girls

26
Q

How does juvenile sex thrive

A

It thrives on unsupervised time

  • More than half of sexually- active youth reports having sex at home after school
27
Q

what do women believe that they do not need to use condoms

A

Women who fail to use condoms mostly claim little risk of pregnancy or an STD

28
Q

What do men believe that they do not need to use condoms

A

Men who fail to use condoms most often cite inconvenience or unavailability

29
Q

What is a peer group

A

Is a group of interacting companions who share similar social characteristics, interests, tastes, and values

30
Q

What is a reference group

A

It provides the standards against which people and behaviours are evaluated

All references groups acts as agents of scialization by giving people clear illustrations of how to behave

31
Q

Not all risky behaviour is considered delinquency in the Canadian Criminal Code, though all delinquency is risky behaviour

A
32
Q

Who was Frederick Thrasher and what did he argue

A

Believed taht gangs orignate in the playgrounds of youth

33
Q

What is the purpose of gangs

A

It is to create better societies for boys whose society is, at present, inadequate

34
Q

How does a group turn into a gang from Frederick Thrashers viewpoint

A

He proposed that when group cohesion increases because of conflict with another group, the playgroup may evolve into a gang

35
Q

The group becomes a gang when it forms a _______

A

Group consciousness

36
Q

Whyte street corner society and what they believed about subcultures of delinquency

A

Believed that gangs have an organic relationship with the community in which it forms

37
Q

What leads to high rates of social interactions within the gang

A

Stable position of a gang, and a lack of contact with outsiders, leads to high rates of social interactions with gang

38
Q

Are gangs viewed as disorganized groups or highly organized

A

Highly organized

39
Q

Albert Cohen arguement

A

Noted that gang members resist pressures of home, school, and other agencies that attempt to regulate any of their activities

40
Q

How does resistance of authority arise

A

Arises from ineffective famly supervision and poor parent-child functioning

41
Q

What were Robert Gord five distinct type of ‘young gangs’

A

Youth groups: Small clusters of friends

Youth movements: Groups that dress distinctively and have specific activities

Criminal Groups: Friends that commit crimes together

Criminal Business organizations: Groups that participate in crimes only for financial gain

Street Gangs: Combined groups of youths and adults who form semi-organized, profit baed-groups

42
Q

What distingueshes street gangs from from the other four distinct types of ‘young gangs’

A

Street gangs is that members of street gangs identify themselves through dress and street name

43
Q

Who is most considered to be throwaways

A

LGBTQ+

44
Q

How often does a person who has been thrown into the street hasn’t been employed since

A

80 percent of street youth have not been employed since taking to the streets

45
Q

What are the three main methods of finding money for throwaways/ people in the streets

A

Panhandling[begging] [75 percent of street youth partake in this]

Social Assitance

Crime [Particularly prostitution or survival sex]

46
Q

What were Hagan and McCarthy find about street youth

A

Majority of street youth come from dysfunctional families

Lack of necessities of life [ food, shelter, income]

47
Q

What are runaways

A

Are youths who stray from parental homes, rules, and expectations

Rarely on the street due to family poverty, through they are often from financially unstable, unbroken, or reconstituted families

48
Q

Biological mothers were most often cited as perpetrators [63 percent] followed by biological fathers [ 45 percent]

A

yes

49
Q

How do functionalist theories view crime and delinquency?

A

Crime and delinquency are a result of social disorganization and defective attachment to the social order

50
Q

How do symbolic interaction theorists view juvenile delinquency

A

Being labelled a ‘delinquent’ depends largely on the reactions of others towards non-conforming behaviours

51
Q

If a person is labelled ‘deviant’ opportunities for legitimate activity may diminish

A
52
Q

How do critical theorists view juvenile delinquency

A

Power struggles arise between the legal system [judge, police] and minority groups oppressed by it

53
Q

Feminist approach to delinquency and crime

A

Female crime has increased in some areas, including delinquency and minor assault

54
Q

What did Adler argue about women being involved in public life and the labour market

A

women become more involved in public life and the labour market, their opportunities for crime increase. In turn, the number of crimes committed by women also increases

55
Q

What is status offences

A

[girls who exhibit behaviours typically found under the umbrella ex. sexual activity, running away, school truancy]

56
Q

Why will status offences be harshly punished

A

They will be punished because they violate expected gender roles

57
Q

What are some economic consequences of delinquency

A

Stealing/destruction of personal property

Lost days of work/school/lost productivity for the society as a whole

58
Q

What is a key factor in preventing delinquency

A

Education is agreed by the public as a few factor in preventing delinquency

59
Q

How does the new legislation state what the purpose of sentencing is

A

It is to hold a young person accountable for the offence committed by imposing meaningful consequences and promoting the rebailitation and reintegration of the young person

60
Q

Definition of reintegration

A

Action or process of integrating someone back into society

SOC 224 (4 decks)

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