Slide 2

Question 1

In the monkey studies for the medial temporal lobe, where was the lesion made

Answer 1

bilateral medial temporal lobe

Question 2

What was the task used to study the effect of a bilateral medial temporal lobe lesion in monkeys?

Answer 2

delayed non-matching to sample task

Question 3

How was the effect of a lesion of the bilateral medial temporal lobe in monkeys measured?

Answer 3

performance measured at various delays

Question 4

Describe the 4 steps of the delayed non-matching to sample task

Answer 4

• monkey moves sample object to obtain food underneath
• screen lowered in front of monkey during delay
• monkey confronted with sample object and unfamiliar object
• monkey must remember familiar object but select unfamiliar object to obtain food underneath it

Question 5

IN the non-matching to sample task, what was the result for control monkeys?

Answer 5

delays of few mins or less: 90%

Question 6

In the non-matching to sample task, what was the result for experimental monkeys (with lesions)

Answer 6

• short delays: normal memory

- long delays: perform at chance

Question 7

What are the three major areas of the medial temporal lobe?

Answer 7

• hippocampus
• amygdala
• medial temporal cortex

Question 8

Which part of the medial temporal lobe is very important for object recognition?

Answer 8

rhinal cortex

Question 9

2 parts of the rhinal cortex

Answer 9

• entorhinal

- perirhinal

Question 10

Why are delayed non-match sample tasks more precise in rats than in monkeys?

Answer 10

• diffs in size/location of hippocampus in rats/monkeys
• in monkeys, hippocampectomy involves removal of large part of mtl
• not necessary in rats, therefore more precise

Question 11

What was used to test rats in the non-match to sample tasks?

Answer 11

mumby box

Question 12

what three types of rats were used in the mumby box experiment?

Answer 12

1) control (no lesion)
2) amygdala + hippocampus
3) mtl (amygdala + hippocampus + rhinal cortex)

Question 13

What was the effect on rats with a whole mtl lesion in the mumby box experiment

Answer 13

impaired memory

Question 14

What was the effect on rats with a hippocampus + amygdala lesion in the mumby box experiment?

Answer 14

intact memory

Question 15

What is the conclusion from the mumby box experiment?

Answer 15

• rhinal cortex is necessary for object recognition

- hippocampus + amygdala is not necessary for object recognition

Question 16

Why must one be cautious when analyzing data from a subject like HM?

Answer 16

• other MTL structures are involved in memory

- not only hippocampus

Question 17

What is spatial memory

Answer 17

memory for where things are in the environment

Question 18

What is the rat experiment for spatial memory?

Answer 18

Morris Water Maze

Question 19

Which brain area plays a critical role in remembering spatial locations and navigating through space?

Answer 19

hippocampus

Question 20

What does the hippocampus use to represent spatial information

Answer 20

-place cells

Question 21

What are place cells?

Answer 21

neurons which fire preferentially when animal is in specific locations

Question 22

Who ‘discovered’ place cells?

Answer 22

John O’Keefe

Question 23

Which animals have a larger hippocampi?

Answer 23

food-caching birds

Question 24

What were the results of the London Cab Driver experiment?

Answer 24

-cab drivers had larger hippocampi
(posterior)
-recalling routes around London activates hippocampus

Question 25

Why were HM’s older memories intact while he had amnesia for things that happened 2-3 years before?

Answer 25

• hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of memories over time
• it is not where memories are stored permanently
• hippocampus more responsible for recent memories

Question 26

What brain areas are responsible for long term storage?

Answer 26

cortical areas