Slide 1 - Non-Violent Crime Flashcards
What is included non violent crimes
Organized crimes, business crimes, and street crimes [ automobile theft, prostitution, book-making, ambezzlement
Who usually is involved in non-violent crimes
It is often committed by strangers or relative strangers
Are rates of non-violent crime higher in urban areas or rural areas
They are much higher in urban areas - more things to steal, and more people to do the stealing
What is organized crime
It refers to professional crime that is well organized and sometimes violent
What is the most profitable business activities in organized crime [non-violent]
Prostitution, gambling, drugs, and porn
What are the two types of business crime
- Crimes committed by corporations in their own business interest
- White collar crimes, committed by business people/professionals at the expense of the corporate body within which they work
What is business crime also called
Suite crime
What is an example of self-interested business crime
Fraud - it misrepresents a product/service, enabling a criminal to sell something of little or no value
What are whistle-blowers
People within these organizations who reveal corporate crimes to auditors, the media, and law-enforcement personnel
What are street crimes
Street crimes are common crimes that occur in public on on, or around city streets
Which of the non-violent crimes is more likely to result in arrest
Street crimes are likely to be arrested then business crimes - because its public - more witnesses
What are examples of street crimes
Shoplifting vandalism, break and enter, car theft and robbery
What is the criminalization of poverty
It is the process of selective law-making, enforcement, and media coverage that highlights a link between crime and poverty that is promoted as ‘natural’
What are the four levels that business crime occurs at
Employees against companies [embezzlement]
Companies against employees [ violation of safety codes]
Companies against customers [ price fixing]
Companies against the public [ environmental abuse]
What is a white collar crime
Committed by people in high-statues occupations
What is included in the white collar crimes
Insider trading, restraint of trade, price fixing, copyright infringement
Who are the most victimized and perpetrators of street crime
Men = more young men in an area are more likely have a higher rate of street crime
What is a criminal career
Involves playing multiple social roles, identifying with crime, and making crime part of one’s everyday life
what are organized criminals
Professional criminals are criminals who are closely associated with organized crime
How does organized crime flourish
Scarcity and inequality
Poverty and prejudice
Lack of equal legal or human-rights protections
Lack of human and cultural capital
How are fraudsters able to influence perceptions in social interactions by controlling and regulating information in three ways
- Ingratiation [show happiness to elicit goodwill]
- Intimidation [ getting others to obey]
- Supplication [getting others to be helpful]
What are the four types of official denial that corporations use according to Arendt and Cohen
Literal Denial [nothing happening or has happened
- Interpretive Denial [ What is happening or has happened is really something else
- Implicatory Denial [ What is happening or has happened is justified as self-defence or some other necessity
- Passive Denial [Pay no attention to the situation at all]
What is the routine activities theory founded by Cohen and Felson - Functionalist
Emphasizes the ‘normality of crime’ of crime in everyday life
Society creates opportunities for crime
What are the three components of the routine activities theory
- The presence of the offender
- Availability of the victim
- Absence of a guardian
What is the broken windows theory
States that, as signs of social disorganization become more visible, poor communities degenerate into more crime and disorganization is set on motion
How does a symbolic interactionist view non-violent crime
Deviance and crime are not direct product of the social structure of face-to-face interactions and personal interpretations
How do critical theories view non-violent crimes
Laws are used by dominant social classes to control and punish those beneath them on the social hierarchy
Other factions [being equal, race(like class) has a strong effect on a person’s chance of incarceration
How do feminist theories view non-violent crimes
These crime has always been dominated by men
With the increase of women entering professional and managerial roles, the possibility of female business crime has also increased
What is social integration
Reduces fear by reducing the proportion of strangers in an area, by making or a larger number of networks and by making everyday routines and lifestyles of others in neighbourhood seem less strange
What is the meaning of social integration
That people within a community have ties to one another
What has become a very common form of nonviolent crine
Illegal sharing of movie and music files
Why is crime decreasing in Canada
Because Canadian are getting older
