sleep studies and brain waves

Question 1

how long to the 4 stages of sleep cycle for

Answer 1

70 to 120 minutes

Question 2

The first REM period lasts about __ to __minutes, and each successive REM cycle (increases, decreases) in length and frequency so the “density” of REM sleep increases over the night

Answer 2

5-10

increases

Question 3

what is stage 0

Answer 3

wakefulness with eyes closed, occurring just before sleep onset

Question 4

how does wakefullness look with Electroencephaloghram

Answer 4

more desynchronous activity beta waves predominate which are low in amplitude and high in frequency

Question 5

what does relaxation in sleep look like in Electroencephaloghram

Answer 5

brain activity is more synchronized. Just closing your eyes will result in alpha waves predominating which are slower/lower frequency and higher in amplitude

Question 6

what is stage 1

Answer 6

drowsiness (me all day)

presleep

small waves

Question 7

what is stage 2

Answer 7

asleep

dominated by theta waves

sleep spindles

NREM

Question 8

what is stage 3

Answer 8

delta waves

less sleep spindles

NREM

deep NREM

hard to wake

gH release

SWS slow wave sleep

Question 9

What is REM sleep

Answer 9

fast desynchronized EEG

body paralyzed

dreaming

Question 10

what happens after REM

Answer 10

back to stage 2

Question 11

t/f Longer you have been awake, the more quickly one will enter into these stages/fall asleep

Answer 11

t

Question 12

what stage is the longest

Answer 12

stage 2 about 50% of cycle

Question 13

what does REM sleep look like

Answer 13

stage 1

Question 14

what is the shortest stage

Answer 14

stage 1 (5%)

Question 15

percent REM takes up in cycle

Answer 15

20- 25%

Question 16

percent stage 3 takes up

Answer 16

15 - 20%

Question 17

how long would 5 cycles typically last

Answer 17

7.5 hours

Question 18

parts of the brain that regulate wakefullness

Answer 18

brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus and basal forebrain

Question 19

part of the brain involved in the switch between awake and sleep

Answer 19

ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO or VLPN) of the hypothalamus

VLPO inhibits regions in brainstem involved in wakefulness

Question 20

Multiple neurotransmitters are involved in wakefulness such as?

Answer 20

acetylcholine, histamine, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 21

every 24 hours the arousal system is inhibited during sleep by

Answer 21

GABA!!!!!! yo gaba gaba

Question 22

The perifornical area of the lateral hypothalamus contains neurons that secrete

Answer 22

hypocretin/Orexin

Question 23

stimulate the VLPO and promote wakefulness and are thought to be “unique” to the phenomenon of wakefulness

Answer 23

perifornical area

secrete hypocretin/Orexin

Question 24

name of the sleep study

Answer 24

Polysomnography

• electroencephalography (EEG)
• electrooculography (EOG)
• electromyography (EMG)
• vitals signs including O2 saturation, HR, RR, EKG

Question 25

test for excessive sleepiness

Answer 25

Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)

• takes place during their normal period of wakefulness
• every 2 hours patient is placed in a dark room
• given opportunity to fall asleep for 20 minutes
• latency to sleep is measured with full polysomnography

-an average sleep latency less than 5 minutes = excessive
daytime sleepiness