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sleep & Rest Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep

A

Cyclical states/altered consciousness
Decreased motor activity/perception
Selective response to external stimuli

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2
Q

what is rest

A

Mild to no activity
Relaxation; stress-free
Leads to feeling refreshed

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3
Q

What are the benefits of sleep

A 
Increases mental performance
Improves learning
Helps the storage of long-term memory
 Restores energy
 Improves ability to cope
 Strengthens the immune system
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4
Q

how many hours do you need to get the benefits of sleep

A

at least 6 hours

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5
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Internal clock
24-hour day-night sleep/wake pattern
Affects overall level of functioning

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6
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Its a part of the brain that helps control sleep, and wakefulness. caused by reaction in the hypothalamus to light.

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7
Q

when does Circadian rhythm start

A

Starts about 3rd week of life. and sets in about 6 months of life.

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8
Q

what are the stages of sleep

A

NREM

REM

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9
Q

NREM

A

non-rapid eye movement.

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10
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement

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11
Q

how many stages of sleep are there

A

5

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12
Q

how long is a sleep cycle

A

approximately, 90-120 minutes and generally cycles 4-6 times a night

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13
Q

why is REM important

A

when you do most of your problem solving

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14
Q

stage I of sleep

A

NREM- light sleep, lasts a few minutes, person feels drowsy and relaxed, readily awakened.

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15
Q

Stage II of sleep

A

NREM- light sleep, body continues to slow, lasts 10-15 minutes, 44 to 55% of total sleep occurs, needs more stimulus to wake up

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16
Q

What happens in Stage II

A

body temperature begins to drop but the heart rate and breathing remain regular. The brain waves slow down.

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17
Q

Stage III & stage IV of sleep

A

NREM - deepest stages, difficult to arouse, muscles relax, snoring occurs.

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18
Q

what happens in body in Stage III of sleep

A

Deep sleep, brain slows, muscles and breathing slows, when bedwetting occurs in children

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19
Q

what happens in body in stage IV of sleep

A

deepest sleep, slowest brain waves, hard to awaken, tissue repair takes place, hormones are released for growth,

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20
Q

Loss of NREM

A

causes immune suppression, decreased pain tolerance, increased infection, profound fatigue

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21
Q

Rem sleep

A

every 90 minutes, lasts 5-30 minutes, when dreams occur
Brain highly active, increase in metabolism
If EEG is taken, REM resembles wakefulness
Eye movement occurs
voluntary muscles reduced
difficult to arouse
GI increased
irregular heart and respiratory rates

22
Q

if you have a loss of REM

A

apathy, depression, confusion, disorientation

23
Q

how long is the entire sleep cycle

A

90-110 minutes and they recommend 4-5 a night. between 6-9 hours.

24
Q

how long does it take to get through the first 3 NREM stages

A

Pass through 1st 3 nrem stages in about 20-30 minutes

25
what is the longest stage
REM
26
what happens to the body in REM
rapid, irregular, shallow breathing HR/BP increased your legs/arms go flaccid ….this is what causes you not to act out your dreams.
27
can you skip stages
NO, you cannot skip stages….stages can vary in length , but you have to go through all of them
28
light sleep and slowing brain and body processes are associated with which stage of NREM sleep
II
29
Factors affecting sleep
``` Age, Lifestyle factors- Physical activity Food and alcohol Medications Caffiene Sleep habits An illness Environmental factors Temperature and humidity Noise and light Nonoxious odor Comfort of bedding ```
30
insomnia
inability to fall or remain asleep or go back to sleep
31
Circadian disorders
abnormality in sleep/wake times (e.g., jet lag, working night shift, rotating shifts)
32
dyssomnias
sleep disorders…you either can't sleep, or can't wake up- (insomnia or excessive sleep)
33
parasomnias
sleep walking-talking
34
Hypersomnia
``` excessive sleeping (especially during the day) can be related to depression ```
35
Restless leg syndrome
uncontrollable movement of legs during sleep/rest
36
sleep apnea
Periodic breathing cessation for at least 10 seconds during sleep
37
narcolepsy
Chronic disorder caused by the brain’s ineffectiveness in regulating sleep-wake cycles normally Uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day
38
symptoms of sleep apnea
loud snoring, sleepiness during the day, increased urination, insomnia , morning headache, intellectual deterioration, irritable and personality changes,
39
CPAP
continous positive airway pressure
40
bruxism
grinding of teeth. happens in stage II of non rem sleep
41
what are some disorders provoked by sleep
coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, Gastric and intestinal ulcers.,
42
COPD
increased Co2 and decreased O2
43
sleep history
``` Description of sleeping problems Usual patterns Physical and psychological illness Current life events Emotional and mental status Bedtime routines Bedtime environment Behaviors of sleep deprivation ```
44
potential nursing diagnosis
``` Ineffective breathing pattern Compromised family coping Disturbed sensory perception Sleep deprivation Disturbed sleep pattern Anxiety Acute confusion Fatigue Ineffective coping ```
45
Nursing interventions to promote sleep
Cluster/schedule nursing care to avoid interrupting sleep Create a comfortable/restful environment Promote comfort/relaxation Support bedtime rituals/routines Offer foods that help promote sleep Maintain safety of the client Teach about sleep hygiene Administer/complete client teaching about sleep-inducing medications
46
sleep medications
Non-Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Tricyclic Antidepressants
47
non-benzodiazepines
short 1/2 life. eliminated quickly. it targets specific receptors, rather than depressing the whole central nervous system. can be habit forming. (ambien, sonata)
48
Benzodiazepines
long and short acting. There half life is longer. They linger longer. Daytime drowsiness, (valium, xanax, ativan….) more side effects. Not recommended
49
barbiturates
high risk for addiction, (seconal, nembutal) out for days
50
tricyclic antidepressants
elavil, tofranil,….very habit forming
51
melatonin
herbal sleep aid

Exam 4 (5 decks)

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