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Exam 4 > sleep & Rest > Flashcards

sleep & Rest Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep

A

Cyclical states/altered consciousness
Decreased motor activity/perception
Selective response to external stimuli

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2
Q

what is rest

A

Mild to no activity
Relaxation; stress-free
Leads to feeling refreshed

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3
Q

What are the benefits of sleep

A 
Increases mental performance
Improves learning
Helps the storage of long-term memory
 Restores energy
 Improves ability to cope
 Strengthens the immune system
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4
Q

how many hours do you need to get the benefits of sleep

A

at least 6 hours

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5
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Internal clock
24-hour day-night sleep/wake pattern
Affects overall level of functioning

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6
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Its a part of the brain that helps control sleep, and wakefulness. caused by reaction in the hypothalamus to light.

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7
Q

when does Circadian rhythm start

A

Starts about 3rd week of life. and sets in about 6 months of life.

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8
Q

what are the stages of sleep

A

NREM

REM

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9
Q

NREM

A

non-rapid eye movement.

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10
Q

REM

A

rapid eye movement

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11
Q

how many stages of sleep are there

A

5

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12
Q

how long is a sleep cycle

A

approximately, 90-120 minutes and generally cycles 4-6 times a night

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13
Q

why is REM important

A

when you do most of your problem solving

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14
Q

stage I of sleep

A

NREM- light sleep, lasts a few minutes, person feels drowsy and relaxed, readily awakened.

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15
Q

Stage II of sleep

A

NREM- light sleep, body continues to slow, lasts 10-15 minutes, 44 to 55% of total sleep occurs, needs more stimulus to wake up

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16
Q

What happens in Stage II

A

body temperature begins to drop but the heart rate and breathing remain regular. The brain waves slow down.

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17
Q

Stage III & stage IV of sleep

A

NREM - deepest stages, difficult to arouse, muscles relax, snoring occurs.

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18
Q

what happens in body in Stage III of sleep

A

Deep sleep, brain slows, muscles and breathing slows, when bedwetting occurs in children

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19
Q

what happens in body in stage IV of sleep

A

deepest sleep, slowest brain waves, hard to awaken, tissue repair takes place, hormones are released for growth,

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20
Q

Loss of NREM

A

causes immune suppression, decreased pain tolerance, increased infection, profound fatigue

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21
Q

Rem sleep

A

every 90 minutes, lasts 5-30 minutes, when dreams occur
Brain highly active, increase in metabolism
If EEG is taken, REM resembles wakefulness
Eye movement occurs
voluntary muscles reduced
difficult to arouse
GI increased
irregular heart and respiratory rates

22
Q

if you have a loss of REM

A

apathy, depression, confusion, disorientation

23
Q

how long is the entire sleep cycle

A

90-110 minutes and they recommend 4-5 a night. between 6-9 hours.

24
Q

how long does it take to get through the first 3 NREM stages

A

Pass through 1st 3 nrem stages in about 20-30 minutes

25
Q

what is the longest stage

A

REM

26
Q

what happens to the body in REM

A

rapid, irregular, shallow breathing
HR/BP increased
your legs/arms go flaccid ….this is what causes you not to act out your dreams.

27
Q

can you skip stages

A

NO, you cannot skip stages….stages can vary in length , but you have to go through all of them

28
Q

light sleep and slowing brain and body processes are associated with which stage of NREM sleep

A

II

29
Q

Factors affecting sleep

A 
Age,
Lifestyle factors-
  Physical activity
  Food and alcohol
  Medications
  Caffiene
  Sleep habits
An illness
Environmental factors
Temperature and  humidity
Noise and light
Nonoxious odor
Comfort of bedding
30
Q

insomnia

A

inability to fall or remain asleep or go back to sleep

31
Q

Circadian disorders

A

abnormality in sleep/wake times (e.g., jet lag, working night shift, rotating shifts)

32
Q

dyssomnias

A

sleep disorders…you either can’t sleep, or can’t wake up- (insomnia or excessive sleep)

33
Q

parasomnias

A

sleep walking-talking

34
Q

Hypersomnia

A 
excessive sleeping (especially during the day)
can be related to depression
35
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

uncontrollable movement of legs during sleep/rest

36
Q

sleep apnea

A

Periodic breathing cessation for at least 10 seconds during sleep

37
Q

narcolepsy

A

Chronic disorder caused by the brain’s ineffectiveness in regulating sleep-wake cycles normally
Uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day

38
Q

symptoms of sleep apnea

A

loud snoring, sleepiness during the day, increased urination, insomnia , morning headache, intellectual deterioration, irritable and personality changes,

39
Q

CPAP

A

continous positive airway pressure

40
Q

bruxism

A

grinding of teeth. happens in stage II of non rem sleep

41
Q

what are some disorders provoked by sleep

A

coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, Gastric and intestinal ulcers.,

42
Q

COPD

A

increased Co2 and decreased O2

43
Q

sleep history

A 
Description of sleeping problems
Usual patterns
Physical and psychological illness
Current life events
Emotional and mental status
Bedtime routines
Bedtime environment
Behaviors of sleep deprivation
44
Q

potential nursing diagnosis

A 
Ineffective breathing pattern
Compromised family coping
Disturbed sensory perception
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Anxiety
Acute confusion
Fatigue
Ineffective coping
45
Q

Nursing interventions to promote sleep

A

Cluster/schedule nursing care to avoid interrupting sleep
Create a comfortable/restful environment
Promote comfort/relaxation
Support bedtime rituals/routines
Offer foods that help promote sleep
Maintain safety of the client
Teach about sleep hygiene
Administer/complete client teaching aboutsleep-inducing medications

46
Q

sleep medications

A

Non-Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Tricyclic Antidepressants

47
Q

non-benzodiazepines

A

short 1/2 life. eliminated quickly. it targets specific receptors, rather than depressing the whole central nervous system. can be habit forming. (ambien, sonata)

48
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

long and short acting. There half life is longer. They linger longer. Daytime drowsiness, (valium, xanax, ativan….) more side effects. Not recommended

49
Q

barbiturates

A

high risk for addiction, (seconal, nembutal) out for days

50
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

elavil, tofranil,….very habit forming

51
Q

melatonin

A

herbal sleep aid

Exam 4 (5 decks)

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