Sleep Physiology

Question 1

Entrainment of circadian rhythm occurs through environmental cues called:

Answer 1

Zeitgeibers

- most powerful is light

Question 2

Cognitive impairment immediately present on waking from sleep is called:

Answer 2

Sleep inertia

Question 3

The master circadian rhythm generator is located in:

Answer 3

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (anterior hypothalamus)

Question 4

Neurotransmitters responsible for promoting sleep (2):

Answer 4

GABA (CNS inhibition)

Acetylcholine (promotes REM sleep)

Question 5

Neurotransmitters responsible for promoting wakefulness (7):

Answer 5

Glutamate (CNS excitation)
Serotonin (CNS excitation)
Norepinephrine (CNS excitation)
Dopamine (promotes wakefulness)
Histamine (inhibition of promotes sleep)
Hypocretin (deficiency promotes narcolepsy/cataplexy)
Adenosine

Question 6

Melatonin given in early evening causes:

Answer 6

Phase advance circadian sleep

Question 7

Melatonin given in early morning causes:

Answer 7

Phase delay circadian sleep

Question 8

Sleep deprivation increases release of this appetite hormone:

Answer 8

Ghrelin

Question 9

Sleep deprivation decreases release of this appetite hormone

Answer 9

Leptin