Sleep Needs & Sleep Disorders Flashcards
How you define how well you sleep might depend on your ____.
age
Sleep can be disturbed by ________ bedtimes, _____, ____, ______ before bedtime, ____, _______, ____.
irregular, stress, diet, activities, drugs, caffeine, aging
Lack of sleep interferes with efficient daily ___________.
functioning
Research has shown that ____-_______ (a toxic protein found in the brain of Alzheimer patients) is removed from the brain during sleep.
beta-amyloid
Research has shown that beta-amyloid (a toxic _______ found in the brain of _________ patients) is removed from the brain during sleep
protein, Alzheimer
Sleep is necessary for _____ and good ______.
survival, health
- Sleep is necessary for survival and good health
- Why we need sleep is still not fully known
- Individuals vary in their need for sleep, but range is __-__ hours every day
6,10
Level of ________, _______, ___, ____, _____ influence how rested one feels after a period of sleep
excitement, emotion, age, diet, drugs
____ adults may not sleep as well as _______ persons.
older, younger
_______ hormone production declines with age.
Growth
- At 8:00pm/20:00 -The pineal gland begins producing
________ in the evening. - _________ levels peak in the middle of the night.
- 7:00am- _________levels decline to low daytime amounts
- Melatonin
- Melatonin
- Melatonin
Aging and Sleep
- With less _______ _______ in older persons, falling asleep may be more difficult
physical activity
With aging, the body produces less ______ hormone which promotes deep sleep
growth
With aging, the body produces less growth hormone which promotes _____ sleep.
deep
Less exposure of the eyes to _______ disturbs production of melatonin, necessary for regulation of sleep-wake cycles
sunlight
_____ persons fall asleep earlier, wake up earlier and tend to wake up more often
Older
Older persons may have sleep difficulties induced by _______ problems.
medical
Older persons may have sleep difficulties induced by medical problems (_______, _____/______ disorders)
arthritis, heart/lungs
__________ used to treat medical problems can lead to sleep disturbances, either too much or not enough sleep.
Medications
Daytime _______ to compensate for night-time wakefulness can make sleeping adequately at night more problematic
napping
Daytime napping to compensate for night-time wakefulness can make sleeping adequately at night more ___________.
problematic
The amount of deep (stages 3 & 4) and REM sleep ______ through the night.
change
Two stages of sleep
____-____
This type of sleep has 3 stages
Non-REM
Two stages of sleep
Non-REM
This type of sleep has __ stages
3
REM stand for _____ ___ ________
Rapid Eye Movement
In a typical night of sleep, people cycle through the __ stages of non-REM punctuated by an _______ of REM sleep
3, interval
In a typical night of sleep, people cycle through the 3 stages of ___-____ punctuated by an interval of ____ sleep
non-REM, REM
Each cycle lasts about ___ minutes, with - cycles every night.
90, 5-6
At the end of each cycle, there may be brief periods of ________, although one can be unaware of being ______.
wakening, awake
Non-REM accounts for __%-__% of time spend in sleep.
75,80
Non-REM - Has three stages of sleep
- Stage 1 is the first and the ______ stage of sleep, Stage 3 is the ______level, from which it is difficult to arouse the sleeper.
lightest, deepest
Blood pressure is lowest, heart rate and breathing are their slowest in stage __ of non-REM sleep.
3
REM SLEEP
- Electrical activity in the brain is very ____.
high
REM SLEEP
- The eyes move _____ behind the eyelids
rapidly
REM SLEEP
- __________ rate is increased
Respiration
REM SLEEP
- The muscles are _________, although there may be involuntary twitching.
paralysed
REM
- Most vivid _______ occurs during REM sleep
Body’s muscles are paralyzed to prevent voluntary movements, although muscle twitching can occur
dreaming
_____ _______ can include inability, to fall or stay asleep, difficulty staying awake, sleeping walking, unusual behaviors such as restless legs, nightmares.
Sleep Disorder
Sleep disorders
- Poor sleep can lead to difficulty with ______ or ________ or _______.
Memory, coordination, emotions
Sleep Disorders
- The ability to ______ in school or on the job can be compromised.
perform
Sleep Disorders
- There is increased risk of ________ at the wheel which can lead to a motor vehicle accident
sleepiness
Sleep Disorders
- Another risk with disturbed sleep is the increased risk of developing _____ disorder.
heart
Sleep Disorders
- A sleep log plus testing in a sleep lab is necessary to provide an accurate diagnosis
READ
Evidence is pointing to the idea that _____ is a predictor of how long one will live
sleep
_______ sleep deprivation increases the risk for developing heart disease, obesity, diabetes
Chronic
Chronic sleep deprivation increases the risk for developing ______ disease, ______, ________
heart, obesity, diabetes
The relation may come from the diminished time that the body has to _____ itself.
repair
- The amount of sleep people get has been decreasing over the last ___ years since the development of the ____ _____
- The recommended amount of sleep for adults is __ hours per night
100, light, bulb
8
The theory is that sleep time is necessary for the body to _____ damage of daily living
repair
Sleep enhances your _______.
Memory
Carefully observe the response time of the young lady in the experiment
- Her Respond time was ____
slow
What are the emotional responses in the college subjects who were deprived of sleep?
- Their emotional reactions changed quite _____, and they were dramatically _______, so they would go from being angry to fits of laughter.
- quickly
- different
What was the term used to describe the “tuning out” of a person who is chronically sleep deprived?
_______: it can even occur when peoples eyes are open.
Micro-sleep
- How much time elapses before coming out of lane while driving? _ seconds
- How much time would it take for a driver to end up in the ditch? _ seconds
- 2
- 4
What are some incidences in the news that are thought to have been related to sleep deprivation?
- ) _____ ______ oil spill
- ) ________
- ) _ _____ ______
- ) _____ _____ _____
- ) Exxon Valdez
- ) Chernobyl
- ) 3 mile island
- ) Staten Island Ferry
Explain the response of sleep-deprived subjects to disturbing images, and the suggested explanation for the atypical reaction:
The people that had a good night of sleep they showed a nice, modest controlled response in the _______ sector of the brain(amygdala) to the disturbing images. But when they looked at the sleep deprived patients they found that these sectors of the brain had ________ brain response, so it tells us that the ________ brain sector was reacting far more strongly to those negative images.
emotional, hyperactive, emotional
Explain the response of sleep-deprived subjects to disturbing images, and the suggested explanation for the atypical reaction:
- The people that had a good night of sleep they showed a nice, modest controlled response in the emotional sector of the brain(amygdala) to the disturbing images. But when they looked at the sleep deprived patients they found that these sectors of the brain had hyperactive brain response, so it tells us that the emotional brain sector was reacting far more strongly to those negative images.
- Also there seemed to be a disconnect between the overacting amygdala and the brain’s frontal lobe the region that controls rational thought decision-making, meaning that the subjects emotional responses were not being kept in check by the more logical site of reasoning, this is also a problem found in people with ________ disorder.
psychiatric
List the different effects of sleep deprivation
- the patient becomes more ______
- they are less ____, and
- the body is no longer able to metabolize ____ effectively putting the patient temporally at increased risk for ____ _ _______.
- hungry
- alert
- sugar
- type 2 diabetes
Which chronic diseases may be related to sleep deprivation?
- )
- )
- )
- )
- )
- ) obesity
- ) high blood pressure
- ) Stroke
- ) type 2 diabetes
- ) Heart disease
What were the physical effects on the young man in the study who was profiled in this segment?
- He was in a ________ stage.
- He was more _______
- pre-diabetic
- hungry
Which type of sleep was he being deprived of—deep sleep or REM sleep?
Deep Sleep
The Nurses Health study has shown that women who slept less than _ hours per night had an __% higher risk of heart attack
6,18%
- The Nurses Health study has shown that
women who slept less than 6 hours per
night had an 18% higher risk of heart attack
-Those who slept _ hours per night had a __% increased risk
5,39
- During ___ sleep, blood pressure and heart rate increase
REM
- During REM sleep, blood pressure and heart rate increase
- Stress hormones; _________ and ________ are released just before waking
- If sleep is reduced, stress on the _____ may be increased
adrenaline, cortisol
heart
_____ _____ is a condition in which the airway is obstructed during sleep
Breathing can stop many times through the night
Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea
To counteract the effect of the stoppage in breathing, the body’s reaction is to ___________
hyperventilate
Sleep apnea
To counteract the effect of the stoppage in breathing, the body’s reaction is to hyperventilate
During the hyperventilation, ______ ______ and ______ _____ increase markedly
Blood pressure, heart rate
A small group of young men were subjected to a study where they slept 4 hours a night for 6 nights, and they found that their _____ ______ levels, or _____, shot up much higher after breakfast then when they had an adequate night’s sleep. And their secretion of ______, the hormone that allows sugar to be removed from the blood, slowed down, such that the rate at which sugar cleared from the blood was nearly 40% slower when the men weren’t getting enough sleep.
blood sugar, glucose, insulin
Levels of ______ hormones are abnormal in persons who are sleep deprived
thyroid
_______ defense will decrease if one accumulates a sleep deficit, even after only one night of sleep deprivation
Immune
- Immune defense will decrease if one accumulates a sleep deficit, even after only one night of sleep deprivation
- One night of recovery sleep allowed ______ return of immune system to normal
some
Recent research is showing that being deprived of sleep increases the _______
appetite
- Recent research is showing that being deprived of sleep increases the appetite
- The mediator may be ______, a hormone that signals satiety after eating, which may be reduced in those who are sleep-deprived
The result is that there is an increase in appetite
leptin,
______ hormone release is diminished with lack of sleep
- This hormone is needed to encourage healing and repair, even in adults, and controlling percentages of fat and muscle in the body
Growth
- Growth hormone release is diminished with lack of sleep
This hormone is needed to encourage ______ and _____ even in adults, and controlling percentages of ___ and _____ in the body
healing, repair, fat, muscle
Growth hormone is secreted during sleep, and the amount secreted declines with ___.
age
______ intake for those who stay awake longer than usual tends to increase over and above the amount required to cover the extra activity needs of the body
Caloric
When we lack sleep it does affect how we _______ with people around us and how we __ throughout the day.
interact, act
Growth hormone is what u need when u are younger, it makes u grow taller, it makes your muscles stronger, but once u finished growing it doesn’t mean that u don’t need it any more, because the growth hormone will help to repair and remake the different parts of our body that have come into contact with ____ _______, that being said growth hormones do decreases -> less being produced when we get older.
free radicals
your body repairs itself in this stage, this is also when the growth hormone kicks in…what stage is this ?
stage 3 and 4 in non-REM sleep
note: technically speaking there are only 3 stages in non-rem, stages 3 and 4 are considered to be under one stage together, together they are under stage 3
each stage in the sleep cycle lasts amount ___ mins
90
