Sleep disorders and acid base balance Flashcards
What are the physiologic consequences of poor sleep?
Hypertension, heart disease and heart failure, stroke, obesity,
Who is most at risk for poor sleeping?
Older adults, hospitalized patients, pregnant and perimenopausal women
Who is most at risk of obstructive sleep apnea?
Men
How can poor sleep be prevented?
Good sleep environement, consistent bedtime and waking up time, good diet
What are two common medications for insomnia?
Zopiclone and quetiapine
What causes poor sleep in the hospital setting?
Pain, anxiety, environmental noise and lights, medication,
What is the main treatment for a person with obstructive sleep apnea?
CPAP
WHat should normal blood pH be?
It should be 7.35-7.45
What are the main consequences of impaired acid base balance
Decreased LOC, dysrhythmias,
What are the risk factors for acid base imbaklance?
Altered acid excretion, excess production or intake of acid, altered acid buffering,
What is normal PaCO2 range? and which value indicates alkalosis?
38 to 42. The 38 range represents alkalosis
What causes metabolic acidosis?
Acute kidney injury, loss of bicarb ions, or retention of hydrogen ions
What are the main manifestations of metabolic acidosis?
Increased respirations, decreased blood pressure, cold skin, dysrhythmias
What are the interventions for metabolic acidosis?
Administration of bicarbonate, and treating underlying cause
WHat is an electrolyte linked to metabolic acidosis and how is it affected?
K+ is affected by becoming to much in the blood but it shifts back into cells after acidosis has been treated
What are normal bicarb concentrations?
22-26 mEq/L
What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis, and give examples?
Caused by excess bicarb or loss of hydrogen. Examples would be vomiting, gastric suction, or medication use.
What electrolyte imbalance is related to metabolic acidosis?
Hypokalemia can occur in relation to metabolic acidosis.
What are the interventions for metabolic alkalosis?
Giving chloride to help with bicarb excretion, and restore fluid volume
What causes respiratory acidosis and what are examples?
Caused by buildup of CO2. Examples are respiratory problems like COPD that prevent gas exchange
What are the manifestations of chronic and acute respiratory acidosis?
Chronic might not show manifestations, and acute is increased respirations, BP, and HR and fullness in the head
What is the treatment goal for respiratory acidosis?
Improving air ability to get into the lungs so improve ventilation
What causes resp alkalosis, and what are examples?
It is caused by loss of CO2 and example is hyperventilation
What are the manifestations of resp alkalosis?
Increased breathing, lightheadedness, tingling and numbness
How is respiratory alkalosis treated?
Helping the client calm down and breathe slower. Give the client oxygen.
