Sleep disorders and acid base balance

Question 1

What are the physiologic consequences of poor sleep?

Answer 1

Hypertension, heart disease and heart failure, stroke, obesity,

Question 2

Who is most at risk for poor sleeping?

Answer 2

Older adults, hospitalized patients, pregnant and perimenopausal women

Question 3

Who is most at risk of obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 3

Men

Question 4

How can poor sleep be prevented?

Answer 4

Good sleep environement, consistent bedtime and waking up time, good diet

Question 5

What are two common medications for insomnia?

Answer 5

Zopiclone and quetiapine

Question 6

What causes poor sleep in the hospital setting?

Answer 6

Pain, anxiety, environmental noise and lights, medication,

Question 7

What is the main treatment for a person with obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 7

CPAP

Question 8

WHat should normal blood pH be?

Answer 8

It should be 7.35-7.45

Question 9

What are the main consequences of impaired acid base balance

Answer 9

Decreased LOC, dysrhythmias,

Question 10

What are the risk factors for acid base imbaklance?

Answer 10

Altered acid excretion, excess production or intake of acid, altered acid buffering,

Question 11

What is normal PaCO2 range? and which value indicates alkalosis?

Answer 11

38 to 42. The 38 range represents alkalosis

Question 12

What causes metabolic acidosis?

Answer 12

Acute kidney injury, loss of bicarb ions, or retention of hydrogen ions

Question 13

What are the main manifestations of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Increased respirations, decreased blood pressure, cold skin, dysrhythmias

Question 14

What are the interventions for metabolic acidosis?

Answer 14

Administration of bicarbonate, and treating underlying cause

Question 15

WHat is an electrolyte linked to metabolic acidosis and how is it affected?

Answer 15

K+ is affected by becoming to much in the blood but it shifts back into cells after acidosis has been treated

Question 16

What are normal bicarb concentrations?

Answer 16

22-26 mEq/L

Question 17

What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis, and give examples?

Answer 17

Caused by excess bicarb or loss of hydrogen. Examples would be vomiting, gastric suction, or medication use.

Question 18

What electrolyte imbalance is related to metabolic acidosis?

Answer 18

Hypokalemia can occur in relation to metabolic acidosis.

Question 19

What are the interventions for metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 19

Giving chloride to help with bicarb excretion, and restore fluid volume

Question 20

What causes respiratory acidosis and what are examples?

Answer 20

Caused by buildup of CO2. Examples are respiratory problems like COPD that prevent gas exchange

Question 21

What are the manifestations of chronic and acute respiratory acidosis?

Answer 21

Chronic might not show manifestations, and acute is increased respirations, BP, and HR and fullness in the head

Question 22

What is the treatment goal for respiratory acidosis?

Answer 22

Improving air ability to get into the lungs so improve ventilation

Question 23

What causes resp alkalosis, and what are examples?

Answer 23

It is caused by loss of CO2 and example is hyperventilation

Question 24

What are the manifestations of resp alkalosis?

Answer 24

Increased breathing, lightheadedness, tingling and numbness

Question 25

How is respiratory alkalosis treated?

Answer 25

Helping the client calm down and breathe slower. Give the client oxygen.