SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Question 1

Why study it?

Answer 1

practical reasons
might tell us about functions of sleep
SD alone cannot tell us the functions of sleep

Question 2

Different types of Sleep deprivation

Answer 2

total sleep deprivation
sleep restriction (6hrs)
partial sleep deprivation
acute vs chronic sleep deprivation

Question 3

Experimental or Participant Bias

Answer 3

double blind study
don't want to treat participants differently 
behave differently 
advantage of non-human studies 
human studies have ethical issues

Question 4

Levels of Sleep Deprivation

Answer 4

Cellular
Physiological
Psychological
Cognitive

Question 5

Cellular Level

Answer 5

Model of Chronic Sleep disruption (CSD)
CSD mice showed signs of mitochondria stress and neural degeneration in cells that produce arousal
locus ceruleus and orexin produce arousal
fragmented sleep is as bad for you as sleep disruption

Question 6

Physiological Level: Reontschaffen’s rat study

Answer 6

wanted to control for walking
controlled movements (disk over water technique)
experimental rat loses 87% of sleep
control rats lost 30% of sleep
Major findings: 10 days SD rats reduced their grooming behaviour and ulcers on their backs and paws

Question 7

Two main findings from Rat Study

Answer 7

(1) Market metabolic dysfunction : SD rats increased food intake from 80-100% but lost weight by 18-22%, Leads to increased to energy expendrives
(2) Body temperature change: Sleep SD rats change increased 0.5 to 2 degrees, also increasing caloric intake should increase body temperature, SD leads to decrease thermal regulation

Question 8

SD was Fatal (rat study)

Answer 8

TSD (n=9) died after 11 to 32 days
paradoxical sleep deprivation (n=12) died after 16 to 54 days
NREM group lost some amount of paradoxical sleep (n=6) died after 23 to 66 days
controlled rats none died
no major cause of death

Question 9

Effect of recovery sleep (rat study)

Answer 9

n=8
3 died regardless of sleep or not within a few days
5 showed large and paradoxical sleep rebounds
recovered sleep deprivation within 3 days

Question 10

other findings (rat study)

Answer 10

abnormaal glucose metabolism
reduced insulin sensitivity
increased risk of type II diabetes
increased risk of obesity

Question 11

Psychological Level

Answer 11

increased sleepiness
Randy Gardner 17 year old
stayed awake for 264 hours (11-days)
decrease in attention, increase in irritable and slurring speech
recovery sleep : 15 hours of sleep first, 10 hours second and 9 3rd night

Question 12

Cognitive level

Answer 12

sustained attention is impacted by SD
driving study by erwin (1999)
looked at the amount of accidents and tickets of two groups: oncall residents and control groups of people not oncall
45% of residents oncall reported falling asleep at the wheel
compared to the control group had 67% more tickets
82% more accidents