DEVELOPMENT OF SLEEP

Question 1

First year of sleep (newborns)

Answer 1

stages of REM do not apply
active sleep
quiet sleep
no spindles or k-complexes during first few months 
polyphasic sleep
can only sleep 4-5 hrs at a time

Question 2

Birth sleep

Answer 2

TST 16hrs
Active sleep 8hrs (50%)
Quiet sleep 8hrs (50%)

Question 3

8 months sleep

Answer 3

TST 13hrs
Active 4.3hrs (33%)
Quiet 8hrs (50%)

Question 4

Major changes to Quiet (NREM) sleep

Answer 4

sleep spindles appear at 2 months and last for 10 seconds & development of thalamus-cortical connections
High amplitude delta waves, development of cerebral cortex
K-complex appear at 6 months of age

Question 5

Major changes to Active (REM) sleep

Answer 5

Antonia becomes stronger over first year and reflects the development of the brain stem regions that produce atonia

Question 6

Cohen (1988)

Answer 6

Small = 0.01 (1%), sleep latency, % of stage 1 sleep 
Medium = 0.09 (9%), % of stage 2, % of REM
Large= 0.25 (25%), sleep efficiency, WASO,TST, REM latency, % of SWS

Question 7

Advantages of Meta-Analysis

Answer 7

multiples studies and participants

role of moderator variables

Question 8

Disadvantages of Meta-Analysis

Answer 8

publication bias

journal tends to publish studies with stastically significant results

Question 9

Age decline in SWS

Answer 9

34-54 : 11.2% & 14.2%
55-60: 8.2% & 17%
61-70: 6.7% & 16.7%
70+: 5.5% & 17.2%

Question 10

What does the drop in TST age mean?

Answer 10

old view : decrease in sleep need

New view: brain connection sustain long periods of sleep