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Adults Fall 2015-Midterm > Sleep as an Occupation > Flashcards

Sleep as an Occupation Flashcards

1
Q

The physiological processes that take place in our bodies to maintain equilibrium; sleep is needed to maintain this state

A

Homeostatic rhythm

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2
Q

24-hour cycle influenced by sunlight and involving two hormones: cortisol helps us wake in the morning, melatonin helps us sleep at night

A

Circadian rhythm

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3
Q

90-minute cycles that occur throughout the day and night, regulated by dopamine

A

Ultradian rhythm

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4
Q

The rapid-eye movement sleep that takes place after non-REM sleep and is when dreaming occurs; body movement is suppressed but not completely eliminated

A

REM-sleep

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5
Q

A common sleep disorder in which the sleeper stops breathing

A

Sleep apnea

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6
Q

A common sleep disorder: the most frequent health complaint after pain

A

Insomnia

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7
Q

Insomnia that lasts less than 2 weeks; tx-medication

A

Transient

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8
Q

Repetitive episodes of transient insomnia; tx-medication risk

A

Intermittent

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9
Q

Continuing difficulty with sleep; high risk of addiction to meds

A

Chronic

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10
Q

Non-invasive way (i.e., a FitBit) to measure cycles of movement that indicate sleep patterns and circadian rhythms

A

Actigraph

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11
Q

A machine that keeps the airway open by delivering pressure (oxygen) through a face mask worn during sleep.

A

CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure

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12
Q

How many stages of sleep are there in a healthy adults sleep cycle?

A

5 stages

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13
Q

What stage of sleep does this describe? interim between consciousness and sleep

A

Stage 1 - (5-15 minutes)

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14
Q

What stage of sleep does this describe? person moves into deeper sleep, HR slows, and the brain does less complicated tasks

A

Stage 2 (15 minutes)

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15
Q

What stages of sleep does this describe? Non-REM phases of deepest sleep during which time the body heals itself.

A

Stage 3 and 4 (delta waves appear in stage 3 and predominate in Stage 4)

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16
Q

What stage of sleep does this describe? REM Sleep

A

Stage 5

17
Q

T/F: In a healthy young adult, there is more non-REM sleep (esp. deep sleep) in the first half of the night, and more REM sleep in the second half.

A

True

18
Q

T/F: REM sleep occurs about 90 minutes after falling asleep and reoccurs about every 90 minutes, getting longer later in the night

A

True

19
Q

T/F: As we age, we spend more time in the deepest levels of sleep and less time in REM sleep.

A

False: As we age, we spend less time in the deepest levels of sleep and more time in REM sleep.

20
Q

T/F: Elderly adults sleep less overall, experience more nighttime wakings, tend to wake earlier in the morning and often nap during the day.

A

True

21
Q

Why is sleep important to health?

A
  1. Sleep regulates homeostatic, circadian and ultradian rhythms.
  2. Non-REM sleep supports physiological processes of growth and rejuvenation of major body systems: immune, nervous (incl. cognitive), muscular and skeletal.
  3. We need to sleep so that we can eat and make babies when we’re awake. :)
  4. Sleep is as important as nutrition and exercise for living healthy, productive, safe, satisfying lives. It supports healing on many levels: cardiopulmonary, neurological, psychiatric, substance abuse, etc.
22
Q

What happens physiologically during non-REM sleep?

A
  • slowed heart rate
  • lowered body temp
  • lowered blood pressure
  • slower brain waves (“less complicated” tasks)
  • body makes repairs
23
Q

What happens physiologically during REM sleep?

A

increase in: eye movement, heart rate, breathing, blood pressure and body temp

24
Q

List at least 6 issues that may disrupt a person’s normal sleep cycle.

A

medical illness; psychiatric condition; medication; recreational drugs; surgery; age; stress; poor sleep hygiene; environmental conditions; sleep disorders

25
Q

How much sleep is considered “normal” at different stages of human development?
Newborns, Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers, School-aged kids, Teens, and Adults

A 
Newborns: up to 18 hours/day
Infants: up to 12 hours/day PLUS NAPS
Toddlers: up to 14 hours/day (NO MORE NAPS)
Preschoolers: 11-13 hours/day  
School-aged kids: 10-11 hours/day
Teens: 9 hours/day
Adults: 8 hours/day
26
Q

What tools are available to help you learn about a client’s sleep patterns?

A
  1. ASK THEM ABOUT IT! You should always ask: Are you having any pain? Are you sleepy during the daytime?
  2. Listen for complaints of insomnia or mention of other abnormal sleep-related behaviors.
  3. Assessments (i.e. the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  4. Formal eval at a sleep lab (pt. must be referred by medical doc)
27
Q

To reset your sleep clock, what is the one most important step you can take?

A

Wake up at the same time every morning.

28
Q

List some ways to manage your sleep environment for better sleep. (4 specific categories)

A
  1. TOUCH: have a comfortable bed and pillows
  2. LIGHT: make your room dark at night but if possible allow sunlight to shine in when morning arrives, to encourage circadian cycles that support sleep
  3. SOUND: keep your sleeping area as far removed from environmental noise (traffic, kids, etc) as possible; soft music or white noise can also be useful tools.
  4. TEMP: some people sleep better in a cool room; experiment to find out what supports your sleep
29
Q

List ways that a person who has trouble falling asleep at night may change behavior to sleep better.

A

Set a schedule; exercise; avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol; relax before bed; sleep until sunrise; don’t lie in bed awake; manage environment; talk to your doctor if sleeping problems persist

30
Q

What is the primary symptom of sleep apnea?

A

Snoring

31
Q

What is this describing? During sleep, when throat and tongue muscles are more relaxed, soft/fatty tissue of the mouth and throat can block airway

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

32
Q

Why is sleep apnea dangerous?

A
  • The decrease in oxygen levels throughout the night can cause increase in blood pressure and lead to cardiovascular disease
  • Impaired cognitive functioning (oxygen can’t get to brain)
  • Decreased daytime function when sleep is interrupted (increased risk for motor vehicle accidents)
33
Q

What is the usual solution for obstructive sleep apnea in children?

A

Get tonsils/adenoids removed

34
Q

What is the most effective solution for obstructive sleep apnea in adults?

A

CPAP machine (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

35
Q

How can OTs play a role in the management of obstructive sleep apnea?

A
  1. Ask your clients about daytime sleepiness/fatigue
  2. Listen for complaints of insomnia and abnormal sleep-related behaviors
  3. Consider a formal evaluation and referral
  4. Seek an MD order to treat using OT methodology
36
Q

List 5 situations when you would want to refer your client to sleep specialist

A
  1. Has trouble initiating sleep or getting restful sleep for more than a month or two
  2. Doesn’t feel rested despite getting the usual amount of sleep or more sleep than he/she is accustomed to getting in order to feel rested
  3. Falls asleep at inappropriate times, even though he/she is getting 7.5-8 hrs sleep per night
  4. Is told he or she snores loudly or gasps, and has periods of not breathing that disrupts a bed partner or roommate
  5. Follows good sleep hygiene habits but still has difficulty sleeping

Adults Fall 2015-Midterm (8 decks)

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