Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adults Fall 2015-Midterm > Physical Agent Modalities and Pain > Flashcards

Physical Agent Modalities and Pain Flashcards

1
Q

When interviewing a person who is in pain, what parameters of that pain do you want to record?

A

Are you hurting? Where does it hurt? Can you describe the pain? Does it change when you move? Taking anything for the pain? Assess intensity scale 0-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of pain does this describe? Sharp, localized, rapid onset, tissue damage (can use modalities)

A

Acute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of pain does this describe? dull, ache, poorly localized, cause unspecified, of long duration

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of pain does this describe? felt at site away from original source

A

Referred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe how pain interferes with everyday life activities.

A
  • ⅔ of people who experience chronic pain cannot perform routine occupations
  • People in pain are less productive at work (and lose income if they cannot work)
  • Pain can affect performance/ability to participate in ALL occupations across all settings, and can cause negative emotions (suffering)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

As an OT, what can you do to help a person better manage or reduce her/his pain?

A

Aside from PAMs, OTs can: always ask about pain and be an advocate for patients who are in pain, educate the patient about energy conservation, educate the patient on body mechanics, do activity analysis to determine what specifically is causing the pain, work with the patient on alternative pain management techniques (like stretching and mindfulness).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name some pain scales

A
  1. Brief Pain Inventory: Long and short forms; 0-10 scale with a 24 hour recall period measures how much your pain interferes with daily activities
  2. Pain Diary: 7 day log…you rate your pain from 0-10 every hour
  3. Multidimensional Pain Inventory: 7 page questionnaire
  4. Pain Behavior Scale: tracks severity of chronic pain over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the risks of pain medications?

A

You can develop a physical dependence as well as your body can build a tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three stages of wound healing?

A
  1. inflammatory
  2. proliferative
  3. remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What stage of wound healing does this describe? immediate

A

inflammatory phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What stage of wound healing does this describe? 2nd week; fiber-plastic phase

A

proliferative phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What stage of wound healing does this describe? 1 year or longer; maturation

A

remodeling phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the four therapeutic modalities used in our lab is appropriate for the inflammatory phase?

A
  1. Cryotherapy - reduces pressure on tissue
  2. Pulsed Ultrasound - allows tissue to cool before pulsing again (patient shouldn’t feel heat. Aids in inflammation/pain/edema management
  3. TENS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the four therapeutic modalities used in our lab is appropriate for the proliferative phase?

A
  1. Paraffin - encourages blood vessels to open up, moving into the beginning of the healing phase (achey pain good with heat)
  2. Continuous Ultrasound - warming effect and tissue permeability effect. Improves circulation, aids in tissue healing
  3. TENS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the four therapeutic modalities used in our lab is appropriate for the remodeling phase?

A
  1. Continuous Ultrasound - deep heating helps with tissue healing, extensibility of collagen tissue
  2. TENS - addresses chronic pain the best
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary indications for cryotherapy?

A

acute injury & inflammation; edema control; arthritic flare-up; acute bursitis & tendonitis; spasticity; pain related to muscle spasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the contraindications for cryotherapy?

A

patients with impaired circulation of cold sensitivity; wounds 2-3 weeks post-injury; pregnancy
precautions: monitor BP & skin condition; document treatment parameters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the contraindications for paraffin?

A

pacemaker; metastasis; fever; acute inflammation; acute hemorrhage; peripheral vascular disease; lack of sensation

19
Q

What are the indications for paraffin?

A

bony prominences; uneven contours; skin softening; even heat across part being treated; esp. good for arthritis

20
Q

What are the contraindications for TENS?

A

area over carotid sinus; chest of those with cardiac disease; pacemakers; epilepsy or neurologic impairment- not over head or neck; trunk of pregnant woman; eyes; unable to communicate pain

21
Q

What are the indications for TENS?

A

acute, localized pain; chronic pain; phantom limb pain; postoperative pain; shingles; before painful treatments to elevate pain threshold

22
Q

What are the contraindications for ultrasound?

A

Decreased sensation/circulation; Never during pregnancy/over reproductive organs (or eyes); area of pacemaker; CNS tissue (and CSF); malignancy or tumors; over epiphyseal plates of children; thrombophlebitis
precautions: acute inflammation; fx; breast implants; pt. w/cognitive/language/or sensory limitations

23
Q

What are the indications for ultrasound?

A

thermal (continuous): pain, chronic inflammation, increase ROM & circulation, decrease muscle spasm/ jt. stiffness, edema, facilitate tissue healing
mechanical (pulsed): tissue repair (fx), wound healing, acute injury/inflammation

24
Q

What are the four stages of numbing in cryotherapy?

A

1) Intense feeling of cold
2) Stinging/burning sensation
3) Dull aching
4) Numbness

25
Q

What does RICE mean and when is it appropriate?

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation; during first 6-24 hours after acute injury

26
Q

In treating rheumatoid arthritis, when is paraffin contraindicated?

A

During an acute inflammatory attack; vigorous dosages of heat may facilitate proteins that act as catalysts to increase enzyme activity, exacerbating joint inflammation

27
Q

Why do we change “modes” when using TENS?

A

to prevent acclimation to the stimulus

28
Q

How do you calculate the appropriate intensity for TENS with a particular person?

A

Slowly increase until they report a light tingle

29
Q

What is the gate control theory of TENS?

A

the stimulation of nociceptors can interfere with the relay of pain sensation to the brain; non-painful TENS input “closes the gate” for painful input

30
Q

What is the opiate theory of TENS?

A

TENS causes the release of the body’s natural opiates from the pituitary gland and spinal cord (endorphins and enkephalins, respectively) to reduce pain sensation

31
Q

What is the vasodilation theory of TENS?

A

TENS can cause dilation of the blood vessels in the area, which can provide increased blood flow to the affected areas around the painful trigger points

32
Q

What is the acupuncture theory of TENS?

A

certain specific points on the body have been linked to experience of pain syndromes; TENS stimulation of those areas can decrease perception of pain

33
Q

In treating pain with TENS, why do you NOT want to generate a muscle twitch?

A

It can lead to a muscle spasm, which is bad for pain management

34
Q

In lay terms, what is ultrasound and how does it promote wound healing and pain relief?

A

good question!

35
Q

Ultrasound: how often a wave comes out of the machine (depth/speed)

A

frequency

36
Q

Ultrasound: “loudness”; affects warmth

A

intensity

37
Q

T/F: Ultrasound: 3 MHz: fast, shallow/superficial

A

True

38
Q

T/F: 1 MHz: low, slow, deep

A

True

39
Q

T/F: In ultrasound, the smaller the MHz, the deeper the wave goes?

A

True- 1mhz goes deeper than 3

40
Q

After providing an Ultrasound therapy session, what treatment parameters do you record so that another therapist may repeat the treatment tomorrow?

A

Location of application, frequency, intensity in W/Cm2, pulsed or continuous, transducer size, time applied, number of treatments per week

41
Q

After providing a cryotherapy session, what treatment parameters do you record so that another therapist may repeat the treatment tomorrow?

A

Location of application, time applied, reason for treatment, recommendations for number of treatments per week (usually a self-applied modality)

42
Q

After providing an paraffin bath therapy session, what treatment parameters do you record so that another therapist may repeat the treatment tomorrow?

A

Location of application (may be useful to note until what point - i.e. “on R hand to wrist”), number of times dipped, time applied, temperature of bath, reason for treatment

43
Q

After providing an TENS therapy session, what treatment parameters do you record so that another therapist may repeat the treatment tomorrow?

A

Pain scale findings before & after treatment, sensation reports during treatment, location of application (may use drawings to show placement of electrodes) & type of stimulation, mode, pulse, frequency, intensity & duration of treatment

Adults Fall 2015-Midterm (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions