Sleep Apnea Flashcards
2 basic sleep stages
1) Quiet
2) Active
Quiet sleep AKA
Non-REM sleep
Active sleep AKA
REM sleep
75-80% of total sleep is in this stage.
Non-REM/Quiet
Cessation of airflow from the mouth and nostrils for at least 10 seconds.
Apnea
This cardiac event can occur from hypoxia.
Cardia dysrrhythmia
Males of Females more affected by sleep apnea?
Males
Apnea in which you don’t attempt to breathe.
Central sleep apnea
Apnea in which something is preventing airflow.
Obstructive sleep apnea
Most sleep apnea cases are what type?
Obstructive
Type of apnea where respiratory muscle activity ceases simultaneously with airflow at the mouth and nostrils.
Central sleep apnea
Central sleep apnea is associated with which CNS disorders?
1) Tumor
2) Stroke
3) Bulbar poliomyelitis
Upper or lower airway affected in obstructive sleep apnea?
Upper
This type of sleep apnea has preservation of the respiratory effort, respiratory center drive, and diaphragmatic contraction.
Obstructive
Mixed sleep apnea begins with an episode of what?
Central apnea
Mixed sleep apnea ends with what episode?
Obstructive
Nasal septum in obstructive sleep apnea.
Deviated
Apnea where there’s loud snoring followed by apnea for 30-90 seconds.
Obstructive
Clinical manifestations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
1) Loud snoring
2) HTN
3) Bradycardia
4) Cor pulmonale
Cor pulmonale is what?
Right-sided heart failure
Physical findings with obstructive sleep apnea.
- Obesity
- Short, thick neck.
- Hypertrophy of the tonsils.
- Macroglossia
- Deviated nasal septum
The gold standard to diagnose Obstructive sleep apnea.
Polysomnography
Complete cessation of breathing.
Apnea
Not getting the full amount of breathing.
Hypopnea
RDI stands for what?
Respiratory Disturbance Index
RDI calculation
(Apneas + Hypopneas)/ Total Sleep Time
- 60 minutes
An RDI > 30 is mild, moderate, or severe?
Severe
What oxygen saturation is clinically significant?
< 85%
Gold standard for treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea
CPAP
This forces air in at a constant pressure to break the obstruction.
CPAP
Continuous pressure that remains the same throughout the respiratory cycle.
CPAP
Pressure is higher during inspiration than during expiration in this tx.
BiPAP
Which mask is the most effective in positive pressure treatments?
Full face mask
Orthognathic surgery procedures to treat OSA.
- Mandibular advancement
- Genial advancement
- Maxillomandibular advancement
This can cause hypertrophy of the soft palate.
Snoring
Resection to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
Uvuluopalatopharyngoplasty
When you advance the chin to ring thd tongue forward.
Genial advancement
These muscles are pulled forward in a genial advancement.
Genioglossus and Geniohyoid
Pulls the hyoid forward to widen the airway.
Hyoid suspension
Can move the whole chin forward about 12 mm.
Advancement Genioplasty
Cut the chin off and move it forward.
Advancement genioplasty
