Sleep and health L10

Question 1

What is sleep quality

Answer 1

Includes sleep duration, timing, efficiency and disturbances

• perceived quality, daytime sleepiness
• breathing difficulties during sleep, medication

Question 2

Sleep and obesity

Answer 2

Short + long sleep duration linked with obesity
Neurotransmitter leptin increases which = hunger and calories increase, and decrease sleep = less energy and more tires = obesity

Study (38 healthy adults)- daytime sleepiness effects prefrontal regulation of food intake
-sleepiness linked with increase in self reported appetite
-ppl presented with images of high calorie food and low calorie food
Found: Sleepiness linked with decrease in frontal activation within brain region responsible for regulating behaviour and promotes food intake

Question 3

Sleep and screen time

Answer 3

Study- (Effects of diff illumination conditions on sleep, melatonin and cognitive performance)

1) Ipad set to highest brightness and no background room light
2) Night shift mode setting on ipad and no background room
3) Night shift mode setting on ipad with background room light

Found: Having background room light is most problematic and took longest time to sleep

Question 4

What is sleep hygiene with examples?

Answer 4

Recommended behavioural and environment practices to promote better quality sleep. Common sleep problems due to long term bad habits.
Example:
-Sleep partner (snore, sleep late etc.)
-Alcohol and caffeine 
-Bed only for sleep
-Regular sleep schedule

Question 5

Prevalence of sleep disorders and their effect

Answer 5

Sleep disorders are very common effecting approx 10% of pop however increase with age
-They effect daytime functioning, quality of life and risk of commorbities e.g. mental health, frequent cause of accidents and can effect the course of other medical conditions (e.g. headaches)

Question 6

Describe insomnia

Answer 6

30% of adults have symptoms (more common in women)

• Often also present when other mental health condition present
• Leads to:
• Daytime fatigue
• Irritability
• Anxiety
• Impaired concentration
• Waves of drowsiness

Question 7

What is transient and chronic insomnia

Answer 7

Transient- Last one night for a week or two
Most people have it
Causes of it vary including hyperarousal (stress, excitement), time zone, schedule changes (circadian rhythm), sleep enviro
Can often be treated with medication

Chronic- lasts weeks, months, years
Can be caused by another disorder or be primary disorder
Effects:
-Muscle or mental fatigue
-Sleepiness
-Hallucinations

Question 8

What is hyper somnolence disorder

Answer 8

Excessive sleepiness despite already having slept, with at least one:
- Recurrent periods of sleep within same day
-Sleep once (upto 9 hrs) but its non restorative
-Difficulty being fully awake after being abruptly woken
Effects:
-Distress
-Cognitive, social and organisational impairment
Its not explained by other disorders, or drugs/medication

Question 9

What is Narcolepsy

Answer 9

Sleep at inappropriate times, recurrent periods of need to sleep
With at least one:
-Episodes of cataplexy (muscle weakness or paralysis, still conscious but cant move happens after strong emo)
-Hypocretin deficiency
-Rem sleep less then 15 min (nocturnal)

Question 10

What is a treatment for Narcolepsy and Cataplexy?

Answer 10

Narcolepsy:
-lifestyle factors (Sleep routine, excise, diet)
-Psychotropic medication (NRIs)
Cataplexy:
-Lifestyle (Carer, home modification, stimulus control)
-antidepressant medication and sodium oxibate

Question 11

What are diagnosis and treatments of sleep disorders

Answer 11

• Accurate diagnosis= sleep diary and overnight sleep in lab
• Treatments:
• Behavioural (sleep hygiene)
• Medication
• Psychological (relax, CBT, explore causes e.g. stress)
• Treat co-occurring conditions
• Physical (e.g. surgery, weight loss)