sleep and dreaming

Question 1

CT Scan-

Answer 1

designed to examine brain structures

Question 2

Lesioning-

Answer 2

naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

Question 3

MRI-

Answer 3

scans to show more detailed view of brain anatomy and structures

Question 4

EEG/MEG-

Answer 4

measure electrical activities or brain waves

Question 5

PET Scan-

Answer 5

measures location of brain activity while performing a task

Question 6

fMRI-

Answer 6

advanced measure of brain activity as well as some brain structure

Question 7

Plasticity-

Answer 7

the brain’s ability to change by reorganizing after damage or building new pathways based on experiences.

Question 8

Neurogenesis-

Answer 8

the formation of new neurons

Question 9

Consciousness

Answer 9

awareness of the outside world and of one’s own mental processes, thoughts, feelings and perceptions.

Question 10

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 10

biological clock. Any rhythms that occur on a time cycle. In this case sleeping is a 24-25 hour cycle. The body clock is located in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Question 11

Stage 1

Answer 11

Beta to Alpha Waves
Light sleep, easily awoken
Only occurs when you first fall asleep and before you just wake up naturally

Question 12

Stage 2

Answer 12

Theta waves
K complexes and sleep spindles on EEG as your body relaxes

Question 13

Stage 3

Answer 13

Delta waves
Deep sleep, but body is not paralyzed
Body hurts to wake up
Dreams make little sense
Decreases as night goes on

Question 14

REM

Answer 14

Rapid eye movement
First REM cycle about 90 min in
Alpha and Beta waves as if you are awake, but body is PARALYZED
Dream sleep
Increases as night goes on

Question 15

REM rebound

Answer 15

If you are deprived of sleep, you don’t make it up but instead experience more periods of REM and more intense dreaming.

Question 16

Insomnia -

Answer 16

daytime fatigue due to trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Correlated to depressive and anxiety disorders

Question 17

Narcolepsy -

Answer 17

abrupt switch from wakefulness to REM sleep.

Question 18

Sleep apnea -

Answer 18

stop breathing hundreds of times per night and wake up long enough to resume breathing. Tiredness and decreased attention and learning ability

Question 19

Nightmare Disorder -

Answer 19

• horrific dreams that occur during sleep stages 3 or 4

Question 20

Sleepwalking -

Answer 20

• during NREM usually in childhood and is a common
  symptom of nightmare disorder

Question 21

Activation Synthesis-

Answer 21

dreams serve no psychological purpose, only to organize random brain stimulation and increase brain pathways.

Question 22

Manifest content- day to day content which helps us solve problems and organize memories and cognitive development

Answer 22

day to day content which helps us solve problems and organize memories and cognitive development