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Psychology > Sleep > Flashcards

Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Endo and Exo research?

A 
Siffre
Aschoff & Weber
Czeisler
Decoursey's chipmunks and weasels 
Morgan's mutant hamsters
Stephens melatonin/light = breast cancer
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2
Q

Infradian rhythms research?

A

Empson (males have monthly cycles)

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3
Q

Jet Lag research?

A

Recht et al baseballers - e-w=44% , w-e=37%

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4
Q

Shift lag research?

A

Chernobyl
3 mile island disaster
Martine et al - link between shift work and organ diseases as a result of either desynchronisation or exhaustion

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5
Q

Shift lag solutions research?

A
  • Czeisler - frequent shift change harder to readjust to so longer periods of readjustment (rotating shifts)
  • Bambra - quicker shift changes = better health and work life balance (forward rotating shift)
  • Boivin - artificial lighting makes it easier to stay awake
  • Boivin & James - field study on nurses
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6
Q

Who developed the two exological theories of sleep?

A

Webb - Hibernation theory

Meddis - Protection theory

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7
Q

Evaluative research of Webb

A
  • Meddis, Pearson & Lanford - 70yo nurse sleeps for 67 mins
  • sloths
  • Horne - can repair when awake and resting (negative as sleep doesn’t conserve energy)
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8
Q

Evaluative research of Meddis

A

Pilleri - dolphin sleeps a few seconds at a time as in danger of floating debris

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9
Q

Who developed the two restoration theories of sleep?

A
  • Oswald - SWS needed for repair of body and REM only needed for repair of brain
  • Horne - core sleep 4+REM needed for brain repair and SWS1-3 optional
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10
Q

Evaluative research of Restoration Theory

A
  • Peter Tripp (TSD) stayed awake 201hrs = abusive, paranoia and hallucinations (pos)
  • Meddis, Pearson & Langford - 70yo nurse sleeps 67mins/day shouldn’t be able to function properly (neg)
  • Jouvet (PSD)- cats on flower pots deprived of REM died after 35 days (pos Horne)
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11
Q

Main studies on circadian rhythms?

A

Siffre cave study
Aschoff & Weber bunker
Czeisler flash light on knees

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12
Q

Evaluative research in lifespan changes?

A
  • US National Institute of Health - explored cot death
  • Tynjala et al - compared sleep cycles of teens across culture
  • Dement - middle age too busy that they have less time to volunteer
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13
Q

Research into Insomnia?

A
  • Dauvilliers et al - correlation between those with insomnia and insomniac family members (genetics)
  • Nofzinger et al - PET scans insomniacs have less decline in brain activity (brain chem)
  • Vgontzas et al - increased levels of stress hormones
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14
Q

Research into Narcolepsy?

A
  • Lin et al - narcoleptic dogs have mutations in gene on chromosome 12 (hypocretin)
  • Honda - increased frequency of HLA
  • Stanford Medical Centre - 90% w cataplexy have HLA variant
  • Vogel - REM observed at onset of sleep
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15
Q

How long to circadian rhythms last?

A

Approximately 24 hours

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16
Q

Give some examples of Circadian Rhythms

A

Sleep-Wake Cycle, Body Temperature cycle and Metabolic rate cycle

17
Q

How long do Ultradian rhythms last?

A

Less than 24 hours

18
Q

How long do Infradian rhythms last?

A

Longer than 24 hours

19
Q

Give an example of an Infradian rhythm

A

SAD, menstrual cycle

20
Q

Give examples of Ultradian rhythms

A
  • sleep cycles
  • hormone release
  • foraging
21
Q

Main findings of Siffre?

A

SWS remained between 25-32 hrs but as high as 48 = EP is free running but EZs needed to keep perfect time
Temp cycle remained constant but became desynchronised from sleep-wake cycle

22
Q

Evaluation of Siffre?

A
  • Case study = low eco validity
  • Aschoff & Weber
  • doesn’t account for individual differences
  • shows light and day have an effect
  • artificial light used = EZ
23
Q

Outline Decoursey’s study

A

Removed SCN = chipmunks didn’t sleep so made noise and weasels heard and ate them
Shows SCN controls rhythms

24
Q

Outline Morgan’s study

A

A hamster was bred to have a 20hr cycle. It’s SCN was removed and put into another hamster who’s rhythm changed to 20hr (SCN controls circadian rhythms)

25
Q

IDA in reference to endo and exo

A
  • nature (endo) AND nurture (exo) =

- chronotheraputics

26
Q

Recht et al evaluation?

A
  • not matched on performance = west coast players may just be worse
  • may have had a bad nights sleep due to worry
27
Q

What are the solutions for jet lag?

A

-Social Customs

28
Q

Outline Webb’s Hibernation Theory

A

Sleep = adaptive = conserve energy

Evolutionary hangover

29
Q

Outline Meddis’ Protection Theory

A

Sleep = adaptive = keeps is safe

Night time used to be dangerous so sleep is advantageous

30
Q

What’s an overall disadvantage of ecological theory of sleep?

A
  • doesn’t explain why we have 5 stages

- doesn’t explain psychological problems if deprived (e.g. Tripp)

31
Q

What are the 4 parts to the evolutionary theory?

A

Environment - some nocturnal
Sleep site - animals in more exposed locations will sleep less
Size - large animals tend to sleep less
Predator or prey - prey sleep less as are more vulnerable

32
Q

Why does the evolutionary theory criticise restoration theory?

A
  • reductionist as doesn’t account for these factors

- some animals e.g. Dolphins don’t have REM but are still clever and function adequately

Psychology (5 decks)

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