sleep

Question 1

stress elevates what neurotransmitter?

Answer 1

cortisol. prolonged elevation damages neurons in hippocampus, important for memory. danger from repeated adjustments to circadian rhythm.

Question 2

melatonin

Answer 2

influences circadian and circannual rhythms. produced by pineal gland to increase sleepiness.

Question 3

SCN

Answer 3

suprachiasmatic nucleus. just above optic chiasm. part of the hypothalamus. generates circadian rhythms for sleep and temperature.

Question 4

stages of sleep

Answer 4

1-4 + REM.  
1 - theta waves. rolling eye movements.
2 - sleep spindles and k-complexes
3-4 are slow wave sleep.
rem = paradoxical sleep because deep and light.
cycles through every 90 minutes.

Question 5

EEG

Answer 5

electroencephalograph. shows brain activity - electrical potentials of brain areas near each electrode on scalp.
Rises or falls when cells act in synchrony.

Question 6

polysomnograph

Answer 6

records eye movements

Question 7

sleep spindles

Answer 7

12-14 hz burst at least .5 seconds. results from oscillating interaction between thalamus and cortex cells. most prominent in stage 2.

Question 8

k-complex

Answer 8

sharp, high amplitude wave. sudden stimuli. most common in stage 2.

Question 9

electromyogram

Answer 9

measures muscle tone

Question 10

occulogram

Answer 10

EOG measures eye movements

Question 11

hypnogogic hallucinations

Answer 11

dreamlike experience. hypnogogic jerk. happens in stage 1.