Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych unit 3/4 > sleep > Flashcards

sleep Flashcards

unit 4 aos 1

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of something either internal or external to yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal waking consciousness (NWC)

A

the state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

altered state of consciousness (ASC)

A

any state of consciousness that is significantly different from normal waking consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sleep

A

a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with internal and external stimuli
-REM and NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

psychological construct

A

a concept used to describe a mental process, psychological state or trait; they are used to describe something that is believed to exist, because we can measure its effects, but we cannot directly observe or measure it
eg sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

five measures of sleep

A

-electroencephalograph (EEG)
-electro-oculography (EOG)
-electromyograph (EMG)
-sleep diary
-video monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

features of brainwaves from EEG

A

-amplitude: height of wave
-frequency: number of waves per seconds

the lower the frequency and the higher the amplitude = the deeper the sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

electro-oculography (EOG)

A

detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity of muscles around the eye
REM = high activity
NREM = no-little activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

electromyograph (EMG)

A

detects, amplifies, and records electrical activity of muscles
-the deeper the sleep, the more relaxed muscles are = less activity except for REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sleep diary

A

a log used to self-record and self-report sleep and waking activities over a period of time
-subjective info which can be biased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

video monitoring

A

participants complete normal night routine and sleep time while being recorded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

advantages and disadvantages of video monitoring

A

advantage:
-can re-watch footage recorded

disadvantages
-the artificiality if completed in a sleep lab/being recorded– it’s not the same as being in your room
-the artificiality of the attachments – eg being connected to an EEG machine whilst you sleep
-hard to interpret the data – what behaviours should be recorded, and people interpret things differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sleep cycle

A

-periods of around 90 minutes where we experience REM and NREM sleep
-in a typical sleep we go through 5 or 6 sleep cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

REM sleep

A

-20-25% of sleep is REM, occurs at the end of each sleep cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

measures of sleep in REM

A

-EEG: high frequency, low amplitude
-EMG: low activity
-EOG: high activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NREM

A

-75-80% of sleep is NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

measures of sleep in NREM

A

-EEG: the deeper the sleep = the lower the frequency and the higher the amplitude of brain waves
-EMG: muscle movements is more likely to occur during this stage
-EOG: the deeper the sleep = the less activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

characteristics of NREM stage 1

A

-entry point into sleep (except for infants)
-relatively light sleep
-lasts around 2-10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

characteristics of NREM stage 2

A

-deeper sleep than stage 1
-lasts around 20-30 minutes, but lengthens as a sleep episode progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characteristics of NREM stage 3

A

-deepest sleep
-lasts around 20-40 minutes but decreases as sleep episode progresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

circadian rhythm

A

a biological rhythm involving physiological, psychological, or behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle with a duration of about 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sleep-wake cycle

A

-an example of circadian rhythm
-time we spend asleep and the time we spend awake
-largely endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

zeitgebers

A

-environmental time cues which can influence sleep-wake cycle
-eg sunlight, artificial light, clocks
-exogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

endogenous

A

originating within an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

exogenous

A

originating outside an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ultradian rhythms

A

-a biological rhythm involving physiological, psychological, or behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle shorter than 24 hours
-eg sleep, sleep cycle

28
Q

location and purpose of suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

-located within hypothalamus
-regulates sleep-wake cycle by controlling activity of pineal gland

29
Q

function of pineal gland

A

-produces melatonin, which makes us drowsy

30
Q

how does SCN produce right amount of melatonin

A

-scn receives light from environment
-depending how much light is received, the scn then signals pineal gland to either secrete more or less melatonin (the more light the less melatonin, including artificial lights)

31
Q

duration of sleep of newborns and infants

A

decreases from 16 to 12 from birth to age of two

32
Q

REM and NREM in newborns and infants

A

-50% of sleep is REM
-experiences REM when they first go to sleep

33
Q

sleep patterns in newborns and infants

A

fragmented sleep

34
Q

duration of sleep in children

A

decreases from 12 to 10 hours

35
Q

REM and NREM in children

A

-REM: 20-25%
-NREM decreases through childhood - 50% is stage 3 NREM

36
Q

sleep patterns in children

A

not unusual for REM to be skipped in first sleep cycle

37
Q

duration of sleep in adolescents

A

decreases from 10 to 9 hours

38
Q

REM and NREM in adolescents

A

-REM: 20-25%
-NREM decreases - less stage 3 and more stage 2

39
Q

sleep patterns in adolescents

A

delayed sleep onset

40
Q

duration of sleep in adults

A

decreases from 9 to 7 hours

41
Q

REM and NREM in adults

A

-REM: 20-25%
-Further decrease in stage 3 and NREM overall

42
Q

duration of sleep in elderly people

A

6-7 hours

43
Q

REM and NREM in elderly people

A

-REM: 20-25%
-NREM further decrease in sleep - little to no stage 3

44
Q

sleep patterns in elderly people

A

-sleep becomes more fragmented
-more naps during the day
-tends to become sleepier in early evening and wake up earlier in the morning

45
Q

sleep deprivation

A

inadequate quantity and/or quality of sleep

46
Q

partial sleep deprivation

A

having less sleep (either quantity or quality) than what is normally required

47
Q

full sleep deprivation

A

no sleep within a 24 hour period

48
Q

effects of partial sleep deprivation on affective functioning

A

-impaired ability to regulate emotions
-impaired ability to process emotional information
-increased emotional reactivity
-increased negative emotions

49
Q

effects of partial sleep deprivation on behavioural functioning

A

-impaired performance on tasks
-impaired reaction time
-microsleeps
-increased risk-taking behaviours
-fatigue

50
Q

effects of partial sleep deprivation on cognitive functioning

A

-difficulties maintaining attention and concentration
-difficulties in thinking and reasoning

51
Q

sleep deprivation vs bac

A

BAC of 0.05 = 17 hours of partial sleep deprivation
BAC of 0.10 = 24 of full sleep deprivation

52
Q

sleep deprivation vs bac - affective

A

-sleep deprivation = negative emotions
-alcohol = negative or positive emotions

53
Q

sleep deprivation vs BAC - cognitive

A

have similar effects such as:
-slower mental processes
-decreased ability to reason and problem solve
-reduced ability to make decisions quickly and effectively

54
Q

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A

any sleep disorder caused by a mismatch between a person’s internal circadian rhythm and their actual or required sleep schedule

55
Q

potential causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorders

A

-an issue with the biological mechanisms that regulate our sleep wake cycle
-our physical environment
-our lifestyle

56
Q

delayed sleep phase syndrome

A

a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur later than usual

57
Q

advanced sleep phase disorder

A

a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur earlier than usual

58
Q

shift work

A

-in itself it is not a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, but can cause one if regularly scheduled during our usual sleep period
-this is because one is working when their melatonin is naturally low and sleep when adrenaline and cortisol are naturally high

59
Q

bright light therapy

A

-involves timed exposure of the eyes to intense but safe amounts of light - typically done through artificial light such as a light box

60
Q

what does bright light therapy do?

A

-aims to reset our biological clock: the SCN - this is by supressing the secretion of melatonin and in turn promoting alertness at the appropriate times
-occurs during early morning to treat DSPS and early evening to treat ASPD

61
Q

sleep hygiene

A

practices that tend to improve and maintain good sleep and full daytime alertness

62
Q

entrainment

A

the process of adjusting a circadian rhythm so that it is in sync with zeitgebers of our environment

63
Q

how does light influence sleep?

A

-strongest zeitgeber - blue light (main source is sun)
-exposure to light promotes wakefulness by supressing secretion of melatonin
-if exposure to artificial light at night, SCN receives conflicting signals, interfering with sleep

64
Q

how does temperature influence sleep?

A

-drowsiness increases as core body temp decreases
-temp is an influential zeitgeber - referring to temp of external environment as cooler environments promote sleep

65
Q

how can eating and drinking habits influence sleep?

A

-some foods positively or negatively impact sleep
-eating too close to bedtime can make it harder to fall asleep
-going to bed hungry or overly full can negatively impact sleep - quality and sleeping patterns

-caffeine promotes wakefulness
-alcohol makes it easier to fall asleep, but impairs quality of sleep
-diets high in fatty and sugary foods can negatively impact sleep quantity and quality
-spicy foods can impair sleep from increased body temps, and stimulates and increases metabolic processes which makes it harder to fall asleep

psych unit 3/4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions