Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we sleep?

A
  • Consolidate memory
  • Activate system to clear out waste products in metabolic activities
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2
Q

3 sleep measures

A
  • EEG
  • EMG
  • EOG
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3
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG) records…

A

Brain-wave activity (the sum between the 2 electrodes)

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4
Q

Electromyogram (EMG) records…

A

Muscle activity

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5
Q

Electrooculogram (EOG) records…

A

Eye movement

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6
Q

A sleep cycle lasts about ____ min and contains ___ stages

A

90; 4

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7
Q

____ waves and ____ waves are sign of wakefulness

A

Alpha; Beta

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8
Q

Wave patterns definitive for stage 2 are…

A

Sleep spindle (非常密集) and the K complex (猛然长波)

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9
Q

Stage 3 has less than ____% of ____ wave, whereas the stage 4 consists of ____% of it.

A

50; Delta; 80

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10
Q

EEG frequency is ____ during wakefulness and ____ as the person progresses into the sleep stages.

A

High; low

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11
Q

In an EEG, REM sleep consists of ____and ____ activity.

A

Theta; beta

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12
Q

Stages 1–4 are ____-____ sleep, and stages 3–4 are ____min in total

A

Non-REM; 40

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13
Q

As sleep progresses, slow-wave sleep ____ in duration, while REM sleep ____ in duration.

A

Decrease; Increase

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14
Q

After the first cycle into the course of sleep, stage 1 are replaced with ____ sleep.

A

REM

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15
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep

A
  • Rapid eye movement
  • Antonia (loss of muscle tone)
  • Low amplitude, high frequency EEG (increases to waking levels)
  • Muscles of the extremities occasionally twitch
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16
Q

Does dreaming only occur in REM sleep?

A

No — dreaming can happen across different stages, with major difference in quality of the dream

17
Q

For a patient whose genital is 萎靡, we can observe their genital in ____ stage to see if it’s due to ____ damage (genital organs ____ during the stage.)

A

REM; nerve; arise

18
Q

Characteristics of slow-wave sleep

A
  • low frequency, high amplitude EEG
  • moderate muscle tone
  • Slow or no eye movement
  • Sleep walking or talking
  • lack of genital activity
19
Q

Sleep deprivation can impair ____ and ____ function, and are related to the development of ____, type 2 diabetes, etc.

A

Performance; cognitive; cancer

20
Q

A sleep deprived person can never make up for the ____ sleep that is lost.

A

REM

21
Q

Microsleeps

A

Brief sleep periods lasting up to a few seconds
- Occur more frequently in sleep deprived subjects

22
Q

After REMs deprivation, the person has ____ tendency to go into REM sleep, their REM sleep ____, and may impact brain ____ (especially in early stages of life)

A

Increased; rebound; development

23
Q

Reticular Formation is located at the ____; it consists of multiple ____ and nerve ____ tracks, and it controls major events during ____ sleep.

A

Brainstem; nuclei; fiber; REM