Sleep

Question 1

Why do we sleep?

Answer 1

• Consolidate memory
• Activate system to clear out waste products in metabolic activities

Question 2

3 sleep measures

Answer 2

• EEG
• EMG
• EOG

Question 3

Electroencephalogram (EEG) records…

Answer 3

Brain-wave activity (the sum between the 2 electrodes)

Question 4

Electromyogram (EMG) records…

Answer 4

Muscle activity

Question 5

Electrooculogram (EOG) records…

Answer 5

Eye movement

Question 6

A sleep cycle lasts about ____ min and contains ___ stages

Answer 6

90; 4

Question 7

____ waves and ____ waves are sign of wakefulness

Answer 7

Alpha; Beta

Question 8

Wave patterns definitive for stage 2 are…

Answer 8

Sleep spindle (非常密集) and the K complex (猛然长波)

Question 9

Stage 3 has less than ____% of ____ wave, whereas the stage 4 consists of ____% of it.

Answer 9

50; Delta; 80

Question 10

EEG frequency is ____ during wakefulness and ____ as the person progresses into the sleep stages.

Answer 10

High; low

Question 11

In an EEG, REM sleep consists of ____and ____ activity.

Answer 11

Theta; beta

Question 12

Stages 1–4 are ____-____ sleep, and stages 3–4 are ____min in total

Answer 12

Non-REM; 40

Question 13

As sleep progresses, slow-wave sleep ____ in duration, while REM sleep ____ in duration.

Answer 13

Decrease; Increase

Question 14

After the first cycle into the course of sleep, stage 1 are replaced with ____ sleep.

Answer 14

REM

Question 15

Characteristics of REM sleep

Answer 15

• Rapid eye movement
• Antonia (loss of muscle tone)
• Low amplitude, high frequency EEG (increases to waking levels)
• Muscles of the extremities occasionally twitch

Question 16

Does dreaming only occur in REM sleep?

Answer 16

No — dreaming can happen across different stages, with major difference in quality of the dream

Question 17

For a patient whose genital is 萎靡, we can observe their genital in ____ stage to see if it’s due to ____ damage (genital organs ____ during the stage.)

Answer 17

REM; nerve; arise

Question 18

Characteristics of slow-wave sleep

Answer 18

• low frequency, high amplitude EEG
• moderate muscle tone
• Slow or no eye movement
• Sleep walking or talking
• lack of genital activity

Question 19

Sleep deprivation can impair ____ and ____ function, and are related to the development of ____, type 2 diabetes, etc.

Answer 19

Performance; cognitive; cancer

Question 20

A sleep deprived person can never make up for the ____ sleep that is lost.

Answer 20

REM

Question 21

Microsleeps

Answer 21

Brief sleep periods lasting up to a few seconds
- Occur more frequently in sleep deprived subjects

Question 22

After REMs deprivation, the person has ____ tendency to go into REM sleep, their REM sleep ____, and may impact brain ____ (especially in early stages of life)

Answer 22

Increased; rebound; development

Question 23

Reticular Formation is located at the ____; it consists of multiple ____ and nerve ____ tracks, and it controls major events during ____ sleep.

Answer 23

Brainstem; nuclei; fiber; REM