Biological Rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

Circannual rhythm

A
  • Yearly, migratory cycle
  • Controlled by day length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Circadian rhythm

A
  • Daily cycle (ex. Human sleep-wake cycle)
  • Free running/entrained
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ultradian rhythm

A

Less than a day (ex. Meals, sleep cycles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Infradian cycle

A

More than a day (ex. Menstrual cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Zeitgeber

A

Cues that synchronize biological rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Entrainment

A

The process of synchronizing an endogenous biological rhythm to an environmental stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Free running rhythm

A

Spontaneous endogenous rhythm in environments without changes in lightness
* Human: More than 24 hours on average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Retinohypothalamic tract

A

The tract through which light signals is transmitted from a small population o retinal ganglion cells to the SCN of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ____ tract synchronize ____ ____ rhythm with the ____/____ changes in the environment

A

Retinohypothalamic; endogenous circadian; light/dark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)

A

No image forming function, but detect brightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IpRGCs express ____, a light-sensitive substance

A

Melanopsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If a blind person has intact ipRGCs, they will express ____ rhythm; if their ipRGCs are lost, they will express ____ ____ rhythm.

A

Entrained; free running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ pacemaker drives cells that control the ____ occurrence of different ____ events or ____

A

SCN; rhythmic; physiological; behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SCN is more active during the…

A

Light period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lesions of the ___ lead to animals with ____ activity patterns

A

SCN; arrhythmic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transplant of SCN can restore the ____ cycle, but not the ____ cycle

A

Circadian; circannual

17
Q

Male hamster ____ secretion is ____ by the large amount of ____ in the winter

A

Testosterone; inhibited; melatonin

18
Q

SAD stands for…

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder

19
Q

The ____ gland secretes ____ at night, which the duration ____ in winter

A

Pineal; melatonin; increases