sleep Flashcards
where does comfort and rest fall under maslows hirearchy of needs
falls under physiologic needs, or basic needs
nursing care is met towards unmet or threatened needs
Subjective:
* Must understand what is “normal” for
the patient (patient’s viewpoint)
* Objective:
* Not influenced by personal feelings
* Sympathetic nervous system
responses- vital signs
* Presence or absence of movement,
guarding, facial expressions, crying
* Degree of sleep and rest
* Balance of nutrition and fluids
physiologic needs
Oxygen, water, food,
elimination, temperature,
sexuality, physical activity, and
rest. * Remember- if you have pain or are
not sleeping well, are you going to
be able to rest?
* Must be met at least minimally
to maintain life.
* These needs are the most basic
in the hierarchy of needs and
the most essential to life, and
therefore have the highest
priority.
what is sleep
Sleep is a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness
and relative inactivity.
why is sleep vital for life
- Rest and sleep are vital for life and health
- Used together however a person can sleep but not feel rested and a
person can rest without sleeping
what is rest
Rest refers to a condition in which the body is in a decreased
state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed.
how would you describe the sleep wake cycle
Sleep is part of what is called the sleep–wake cycle. Wakefulness
is a time of mental activity and energy expenditure.
* Sleep is a period of inactivity and restoration of mental and
physical function.
what is the Reticular Activating System
(RAS)
- Facilitates reflex and voluntary movements
- Controls cortical activities related to state of alertness: “Waking Center”
- Injury may result in lethargy or drowsiness
Bulbar Synchronizing Region (BSR)
- Area of the brain that releases serotonin (Causes sleep)
- Serotonin is considered a natural mood stabilizer
- Helps with eating, sleeping and digesting
function of the hypothalamus
- Control center for sleeping and waking
- Injury could cause a person to sleep for
abnormally long periods
non rapid eye movement NREM
the best sleep
* Known as “quiet sleep”
* Consists of four stages
* Stages I and II: 5% to 50% of sleep, light sleep
(body jerking)
* Stages III and IV—10% of sleep, deep-sleep
states (delta sleep)
rapid eye movement REM
- Known as “active sleep”
- 20% to 25% of a person’s nightly sleep time
- Pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, metabolic
rate, and body temperature increase; skeletal
muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are
depressed.
who sleeps the deepest
children
how many stages of sleep do people move through
Most people go through four or five cycles of
sleep each night. On average, each cycle lasts
about 90 to 100 minutes
a single normal sleep cycle consists of
The person passes consecutively through four
stages of NREM sleep.
The pattern is then reversed.
o Return from stage IV to III to II
o Enter REM sleep instead of re-entering
stage I
The person re-enters NREM sleep at stage II
and moves on to III and IV.
nrem stage 1
transitional periods between wakefulness and sleep. lasts around 5-10 minutes
nrem stage 2
heart rate drops and body temperature cools. brain begins to produce sleep spindles, lasts 20 minutes.
nrem stage 3
muscles relax, blood pressure and breathing rates drop, deepest sleep occurs here
newborns and infants sleep patterns
Sleep an average of 16 hrs per day with several naps per day. Can range from 12-16 hrs per day which is normal.
Sleeping position BACK is best. Increased chance of SIDS who are placed on their front or side (CDC).
SIDS Statistics-35.4 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017 (CDC, 2017).
toddlers
Sleep an average of 11-14 hrs per day with one nap per day.
Need for sleep declines as this stage progresses
preschoolers
Sleep an average of 11-13 hrs per day
school aged children
Sleep an average of 10-12 hrs per day
teenagers
Sleep an average of 8-10 hrs per day
