meds for test #5 Flashcards
1
Q
bulk forming psyllium (metamucil)
A
- What is it used for? It is used to treat constipation, to raise fiber in the diet, causes stool to absorb water, it will increase the stools weight which will increase peristalsis which will increase the amount of feces eliminated.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration taken by mouth as a capsule, or its in a powder form, if its in a powder form the patient should be instructed to take it with a full glass of water or eight ounces of water. Metamucil also comes in a wafer form, this one you can eat.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Side effects would be stomach pain, bloating, stomach cramps. Instruct the patient to take this bulk forming medication with a full glass of water. This supplement can take 12-72 hours to act and treat the constipation. Watch for dehydration, fluid and electrolyte dysfunction
2
Q
polyethyline glycol (miralax)
A
- What is it used for? Used to treat constipation and causes water to be retained in the stool and this will treat constipation. It will stimulate bowel movement, and it promotes the secretion of water into the colon.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration) given by mouth in a powder form in a 17g packet or vile.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Must be completely dissolved in a full 8 ounces of water. Don’t use it in patients with kidney disease. Adverse reactions may cause bloating, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence. Do not give to patients with a bowel obstruction, may cause an electrolyte imbalance, drug should be taken for no more than 1-2 weeks because of laxative dependence. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.
3
Q
stimulant bisacodyl (dulcolax)
A
- What is it used for? It is a laxative that promotes the passing of feces, increases peristalsis, and intestinal motility directly affecting the smooth muscle of the intestine. This drug also promotes fluid accumulation in the intestines.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration) can be given as an enema, suppositories, or tablets. Used for one week only.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Giving drug at a time it will not interfere with the patients sleep because this drug works fast, a bowel movement will be formed in 15-60 minutes when given in a suppository form or rectally, and 6-10 hours when given by mouth. The patient must have adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration. This drug is also used for one week treatment only. The patient must swallow the enteric coated tablet whole, and do not chew this tablet. You must wait one hour after ingesting milk and antacids before administering this laxative. Tell patients to report dizziness and fainting. Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.
4
Q
oxybutinin (ditripan)
A
- What is it used for? Relaxes the smooth muscles of the bladder, relieves an overactive bladder.it is an antispasmodic. Blocks parasympathetic activity and relaxes the detrusor muscles when a bladder is overactive.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration) can be given as a transdermal patch, a syrup, extended-release tablets, a topical gel.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? When using a patch, you should rotate the patch site every time you apply it, may cause dizziness, insomnia, drowsiness, constipation, diarrhea, urine retention, dry mouth, blurred vision, indigestion, dizziness.. Use caution with patients who have dementia. Use cautiously with patients who have urinary retention or GI retention, make sure the patient does not chew the extended-release tablets. Warn patients what to do with hazardous activities such as driving or operating machinery. This drug suppresses sweating so educates patient to avoid use of the drug in very hot weather, it could cause fever or heatstroke. Inform the patient not to drink alcohol while taking this medication, and to change patches at least twice a week.
5
Q
derifican hydrobromide enablex
A
- What is it used for?
Also, an antispasmodic, relaxes the smooth muscle of the bladder by antagonizing muscarinic receptors. Blocks parasympathetic activity, relaxes the detrusor muscles and other urinary tract muscles. - How is it given? (Frequency and administration) it is given PO, make sure the patient understands it is an extended release tablet.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Contraindicated in patients with urinary retention or gastric retention. Assess the patient’s bladder function, monitor for CNS effects. Tell the patient not to chew the tablet, and to swallow it whole with water. This drug may be taken with or without food. Adverse reactions may be swelling of the tongue, face, difficulty speaking, use caution when driving or operating machinery. Tell the patient to report blurred vision or constipation.
6
Q
finestride (proscar)
A
- What is it used for? Used to treat benign prosthetic hypertrophy. It inhibits the production of testosterone which will inhibit growth of the prostate gland. May help with male pattern baldness.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration) it is given PO by mouth, in extended release tablets.
Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Can be taken with or without food, monitor patient for diminished urine flow, before treatment evaluate the patient for conditions that mimic BPH. Warn the patient that signs of improvement may take up to 3 months or at least 6 months when used to treat male patterned baldness. Drug may increase the risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Use cautiously with liver dysfunction.an increase in PSA levels may mimic prostate cancer levels. Takes 3-6 months to shrink the prostate gland, may decrease the libido, may cause breast lumps, and may cause abnormal ejaculation.
7
Q
tamsulosin flomax
A
- What is it used for? Blocks alpha receptors in the prostate gland, is an alpha-adrenergic blocker. allows relaxation of smooth muscles in the bladder, allows for urination flow and decreases symptoms of BPH. Shrinks and relaxes the sphincter of the bladder.
- How is it given? (Frequency and administration) given PO given once daily 30 minutes after meals with the same meal each day.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Do not crush the tablet, or chew the capsules, use cautiously with patients who have an allergy to sulfa drugs, when using this medication glaucoma or floppy eye syndrome may be observed. May increase the risk of eye complications during surgery. With the first dose the drug may cause hypotension, monitor patients for dizziness due to hypotension. May cause fatigue and headaches as a side affect. Screen for prostate cancer before starting the drug. Take caution with movement, such as rising from a chair. Warn patients not to drive for 12 hours after use. Take drug 30 minutes after a small meal. Take the drug at the same time every day. If the patient needs cataract surgery or glaucoma surgery to inform the doctor/surgeon.
8
Q
benzodiazepines (diazepam)
A
Benzodiazepines (notice the endings-olan or epam)
1. Diazepam (Valium)
* What is it used for? Suppresses seizure activity, reduces muscle spasms and can reduce anxiety, can be given as a sedative, can be given to help with alcohol withdrawal. Give intranasaly for an active seizure. Sedation for procedures, less
* How is it given? (Frequency, administration and list the routes IV, PO, IM) adults are given 2-10 mg by mouth twice daily or more than that for anxiety as an oral med, IV med, or IM med, for muscle spams 2-10mg by mouth or 5-10 mg IV or IM. Can be given Intranasal for 10mg intranasal for adults who have had seizures, helps actively stops seizures, usually 1 spray. Can be administered per rectum as well. Taper the drug do not stop abruptly, do not mix alcohol, may have paradoxical effects.
* Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Think from a safety perspective. This drug causes drowsiness, so advise the patient not to drive while taking valium, and not to drink alcohol while on valium.
9
Q
barbituates (phenobarbital)
A
- What is it used for? If more than one reason for administration, list it. Used to control seizures, it can be used to treat anxiety, is used to treat sleep problems such as insomnia, opioid withdrawl or alcohol withdraw.
- . How is it given? (Frequency, administration and list the routes IV, PO, IM) can be given as an oral liquid medication or an injection into a vein.
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? What is a common side effect to consider? Some side effects are it May cause dizziness, headache, upset stomach, vomiting, tremors, do not stop suddenly, nervousness, insomnia. You may want to take this drug with food because it can cause an upset stomach. If you miss a dose do not take two doses at the same time.
Other meds in this class to recognize: Pentobarbital (pre-anesthesia), Butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine (Fioricet)
10
Q
zolpidem (ambein)
A
- What is it used for? Used primarily for insomnia, It inhibits hypnotic activity, is an anticonvulsant, is a muscle relaxant. Used for insomnia, Helps manage insomnia and can help you sleep.
- How is it given? (Frequency, administration & list the route) it seems to be given by mouth or given sublingually, if it given orally, it should be given with meals or right after meals. Can be given as an oral spray, make sure to prime it with 5 sprays before administering 1 spray. Can be given 5-10mg for men and 5 mg for women as an oral medication or sublingual tablet. Melatonin tablet form,
- Anything else to consider when administering this drug? Think safety. Think sedation. Don’t eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice, or drink alcohol, do not crush or divide the extended-release tablets. May cause sleep walking or engaging in activities while not fully awake. If you have a history of complex sleep behavior, you may not want to take this drug, this drug also causes drowsiness and decreased level of consciousness so warn the patient not to drive while taking this medication. It may also cause hallucinations.
11
Q
- Name two types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS).
A
ibuprofen & aspirin Tylenol is an analgesic not an NSAID,
12
Q
What is the biggest side effect and concern when administering NSAIDS? List two.
A
Can inhibit platelets from doing their job which is clotting, which means it can cause excessive bleeding (side effect), can cause Gastrointestinal distress and toxicity, may also cause renal toxicity if too much of the drug is taken (concern). Nausea vomiting and diarheam. Take these drugs with food, ulcer or throwing up, biggest concern is bleeding. Watch for liver toxicity.
13
Q
list two types of opioids/narcotics
A
Morphine sulfate, oxycodone, hydromorphone
14
Q
what are the most common side effects of narcotics
A
- What are the top three most common side effects for all narcotics/opioids? Nausea and vomiting, constipation, sedation. respiratory depression
15
Q
what is given to reduce an overdose of opioids
A
narcan (naloxone)
