Sleep

Question 1

Adaptive theory of sleep

Answer 1

we sleep to protect ourselves against preditors that have stronger senses and more advantages at night

Question 2

Evolutionary disadvantages of sleep

Answer 2

Animals that need to graze can’t hide from preditors so they sleep less

Question 3

Biological theory of sleep

Answer 3

we sleep at night to grow since GH is only released when we are asleep

Question 4

Neurotransmitter changes

Answer 4

GABA is released to stop the wake-promoting systems in the reticular formation, pons, hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 5

Restorative theory of sleep

Answer 5

Sleep allows the body to repair structures, replenish chemicals , and remove neurotoxic wastes

Question 6

circadian rhythm

Answer 6

the 24-hour awake-sleep cycle that corresponds to daylight

Question 7

Circadian rhythm effects on body temperature

Answer 7

temperature rises in the morning > peaks at midday > falls in afternoon > rises in the evening > falls at night

Question 8

Bodily things effected by circadian rhythm

Answer 8

body temperature, blood pressure, hormones, sensitivity to pain, and fatigue

Question 9

Jet lag recovery

Answer 9

• lengthening the day is easier to adjust
• shortening the day is harder to adjust

Question 10

Jet lag

Answer 10

changing of time zones causes one to want to be asleep when they should be awake in the new time zone

Question 11

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Answer 11

when a person’s sleep pattern doesn’t match with their natural sleep pattern

Question 12

What influences what time of day you prefer to be awake

Answer 12

genetics, age, gender, and health factors

Question 13

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Answer 13

group of neurons in the hypothalamus responsible of coordinating the bodily rhythms

Question 14

Sleep-awake cycle of melatonin

Answer 14

1. when daylight fades the SCN directs the pineal gland to secrete melatonin
2. Melatonin accumulates in the blood
3. Peaks around 1 to 3 am
4. Production decreases causing awakefulness

Question 15

What happens without daylight signals

Answer 15

SCN extends the day to 25 hours

Question 16

How often do we sleep cycle

Answer 16

every 90 to 100 minutes

Question 17

EEG

Answer 17

a type of machine that measures brainwave patterns

Question 18

Hypnagogic state

Answer 18

pre-sleep period that is characterized by alpha waves

Question 19

Stage 1 sleep

Answer 19

Small irregular theta waves which are the bridge between awake and sleep

Question 20

Stage 2 sleep

Answer 20

characterized by sleep spindles as our body relaxes

Question 21

Sleep spindles

Answer 21

bursts of brain activity

Question 22

Deep sleep/Stage 3

Answer 22

Delta waves appear

Question 23

Stage 4

Answer 23

Only delta waves. Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate slow

Question 24

Sleep walking

Answer 24

moving around while in stage 4 sleep

Question 25

Non-REM sleep

Answer 25

stages 1-4 of sleep

Question 26

REM

Answer 26

Stage of sleep associated with rapid brain patterns similar to an awake brain and when we dream

Question 27

REM sleep function theory

Answer 27

REM sleep helps form new memories and retain learned material

Question 28

Information processing theory

Answer 28

dreams are the mind's way to organize and remember the day

Question 29

Activation synthesis model

Answer 29

Dreams occur because neurons in the brainstem are activated and cause the cortex to produce random signals that need to be organixzed

Question 30

Freudian Dream Theory

Answer 30

Dreams are unconscious wishes or desires

Question 31

Dream interpretation

Answer 31

using freudian ideas to interpret the manifest content of a dream to find the latient content

Question 32

lucid drams

Answer 32

dreams when people know that they are dreaming and can control it

Question 32

lucid drams

Answer 32

dreams when people know that they are dreaming and can control it

Question 33

REM sleep development

Answer 33

as we get older we spend less time in REM sleep, only about 2 hours

Question 34

Insomnia

Answer 34

the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep due to stressors

Question 35

Sleep apnea

Answer 35

momentarily stoping breathing while you sleep

Question 36

Narcolepsy

Answer 36

the uncontrollable urge to fall asleep

Question 37

Advanced sleep phase syndrome

Answer 37

people tend to fall asleep and wake up too early

Question 38

Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of sleep

Answer 38

strong urge to move legs prior to falling asleep or while asleep

Question 39

Sleepwalking

Answer 39

A condition where a person moves around their house while still asleep

Question 40

Night terrors

Answer 40

typically seen in young children, the child will wake up due to their nervous incorrectly assuming they are in danger due to their dream

Question 41

REM sleep behaviour disorder

Answer 41

when a person acts out their dream through movement due to paralysis when sleeping not occuring