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History Revision > Slavery (Booklet One) > Flashcards

Slavery (Booklet One) Flashcards

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1
Q

When were the Quakers formed, what was their ideology?

A

1650

God could be found inside everyone and could be worshipped without the clergy

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2
Q

What happened with the Quaker petition in 1783?

A

Presented a petition signed by 273 people

The petition was ignored by everyone in parliament

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3
Q

How many copies of their pamphlet was distributed in 1784?

A

10,000

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4
Q

What were the benefits of Quakers? (2)

A

Provided a platform and direction for those with similar views.
Well organised

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5
Q

What were the disadvantages of Quakers? (2)

A

Quakers were excluded by laws that reserved civil service posts for Anglicans
Were outsiders of British society

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6
Q

Where did the Quakers visit?

A

Eton, Harrow and elite schools where students were the sons of wealthy West Indian plantation owners

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7
Q

How did former slaves react to the Quakers?

A

Received support from former slaves

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8
Q

Describe the main beliefs of Evangelical Christians?

A

Multi denominational.

Believed slave trade was sinful and the only way to reach heaven was to turn away from sin

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9
Q

Name two prominent Evangelical Christians

A

Thomas Clarkson, Granville Sharp

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10
Q

How did Evangelical Christians campaign (3)

A

Public speaking
Spoke in parliament
Research to increase awareness

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11
Q

Who was Jonathan Strong

A

A former slave of David Liste.

Was beaten badly to close to death

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12
Q

What was Granville Sharp’s involvement with Jonathan Strong? (2)

A

Helped Strong recover in hospital for 4 months

Sharp took Liste to court, claiming Strong was no longer a slave

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13
Q

Did the courts rule in Jonathan Strong’s favour

A

Yes, but took until 1768 (3 years)

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14
Q

What was the Sierra Leone project? (How many people as well)

A

Decided a black community in Sierra Leone should start a colony of free slaves
290 black men, 41 black women, 70 white women, 60 prostitutes

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15
Q

What was the overall outcome of the Sierra Leone project

A

A return to slavery

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16
Q

How was the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade formed?

A

Formed by Dillwyn and Clarkson. 9/12 were Quakers. Sharp was chairman.

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17
Q

How did the Society try to push their message through the House of Commons?

A

First speech in 1789
1791, introduced a bill abolishing slave trade - defeated 163 to 88.
1796, defeated by only 4 votes
1804, passed through House of Commons to House of Lords

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18
Q

Give two examples of propaganda

A

Josiah Wedgewood Pin

Brooke’s model

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19
Q

Describe Josiah Wedgewood Pin

A

Worn by upperclass women, thought to encourage them to stop the household from buying products of Slavery

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20
Q

Describe the Brooke’s model

A

Diagram which shows 482 slaves, committee printed more than 7000 posters

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21
Q

What was the issue with the journey in the Zong case?

A

1781 a journey from Africa to Jamaica with 440 slaves took twice its usual length due to calm winds.

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22
Q

What did Captain Collingwood order would happen to sick slaves (Zong Case)

A

The captain ordered that 133 sick slaves were thrown overboard and told them to claim water was running out for insurance money

23
Q

What happened at the trial for the Zong case

A

1783, the first mate admitted there was 420 gallons spare water on board. Granville Sharp tried to prosecute them for murder

24
Q

What was the outcome of the Zong case

A

Lord Mansfield said it was not murder as slaves were the equivalent of horses`

25
Q

What was Roger Ansteys theory in 1968 for the end of the slave trade?

A

Abolitionists were the reason for the end of the slave trade as the bill passed through Commons when Britain was repeating the benefits of a sugar bloom

26
Q

How many slave voyages took place in the 18th century

A

35,000 slave voyages

27
Q

What was the biggest slave-trading port in the world in the 1790s

A

Liverpool

28
Q

How much of people in Bristol’s income was slave-based?

A

40%

29
Q

What was the impact of the wars with France 1793-1815

A

British manufacturers had to rely solely on African markets because European ports were blocked

30
Q

What was Eric Williams’ economic theory?

A

Crash and Burn Theory
There was a surplus of product in the slave trade due to Cuba and France’s involvement. The slave trade needed to be abolished in order for older colonies to survive, which allowed West Indian planters of older islands to support the bill

31
Q

What was Seymour Dresher’s economic theory?

A

Believes that the market was shifting to a laissez-faire policy, believed slaves would work harder if they were paid and the economy favoured new commercial methods

32
Q

What happened on the African Queen?

A

Bought 225 Africans, took months trying to buy them all as slaves were scarce.
21 crew members died whilst waiting.
Disease spread quickly.
1793 James Roger (owner) went bankrupt

33
Q

What happened on the Malborough

A

420 slaves purchased, but there was an uprising and was taken over by slaves.
Slaves sailed back to Bonny and then the Golden Coast

34
Q

What fraction of slave ships witnessed a revolt.

A

1/10

35
Q

Why was Thomas Clarkson significant?

A

Driving force for Wilberforce
Cambridge essay attracted a lot of attention
Formed the Society
Collected information from eye witnesses

36
Q

What was a limiting factor of Clarkson’s involvement?

A

He went to Paris to try and persuade the French to abolish slavery too, but the French revolution was ongoing, made Clarkson seem like a radical.

37
Q

Why was William Wilberforce significant?

A

He was the face of the abolition
Reached privileged people in society
He pushed the bill through parliament

38
Q

What was the limiting factor of Wilberforce’s involvement

A

Very cautious - only brought up the bill at the end of parliament sessions

39
Q

Why was Olaudah Equiano significant?

A

Proved black people weren’t savages
Wrote books on his experience in slavery
Formed the Sons of Africa

40
Q

What was the limiting factor of Equiano’s involvement?

A

Would not have been believed by racists

41
Q

How did the American War of Independence affect the campaign?

A

Britain lost a huge part of their market to sell slaves

Raised questions about liberty and the rights of men

42
Q

What was the Dolben Act 1788

A

Restricted the number of slaves on a ship

43
Q

How did Napoleon and the French Wars affect the campaign?

A

Napoleon reintroduced the slave trade in 1802, which made it a British duty to oppose it.
Reinforced public opinion against it

44
Q

What happened in Saint Domingue in 1791

A

Slaves attacked white men and women
More than 1000 plantations were burned 12,000 died
Saint Domingue produced 30% of the world’s sugar and 50% of the world’s coffee

45
Q

What happened in Grenada in 1795

A

Rebels captured the island’s governor

Destroyed the plantations and held the island for months

46
Q

What happened in St Lucia in 1795

A

Slaves rose up lead by Victor Hughes and forced out every white slave owner and British army
Took 12,000 British troops to retake the island

47
Q

What happened in St Vincent in 1795

A

The indigenous population started the Second Carib War.
Started a lot of fighting and diseases (which affected British forces in particular)
The British managed to crush the revolt in 1797

48
Q

What happened in Jamaica in 1795

A

Led by a community of free black people known as the Maroons.
Killed 36 British calvarymen
500 Maroons rebelled against 5000 British troops
British spent £500,000 while fighting

49
Q

What were the overall effects of the slave revolts

A

45,000 soliders died in battle or from disease
14,000 men were discharged and 3000 deserted
Great cost, was it worth it?
Painted the slaves as savages

50
Q

How did Geography help the abolition?

A

Britain’s compact geography and the improvement in travelling allowed petitions to spread easily, and for Clarkson to travel

51
Q

How did the Postal Service help the abolition?

A

Major reform in 1784 helped to spread mail faster, better correspondence between the abolitionists.
Popularisation of newspapers.

52
Q

How did Newspapers help the abolition?

A

Helped to spread anti slavery propaganda, appeals meetings, petitions.
Completely uncensored

53
Q

How did Coffeehouses and Libraries help the abolition?

A

500+ coffeehouses in London had newspapers. People would preach there

54
Q

How did Naval “press gangs” help the abolition?

A

The Royal Navy was the biggest naval fleet

History Revision (4 decks)

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