SL - Acetal Flashcards
1
Q
What are the main 5 carbonyl compounds?
A
- Ketone
- Aldehyde
- Carboxylic Acid
- Carboxylic Ester
- Amide
2
Q
What 2 reactions to carobnyl compounds typically undergo?
A
- Nucleophilic Attacks (on electron-deficient carbon)
- Reactions with electrophiles
3
Q
What are acetal groups formed from?
A
Aldehydes and Ketones
4
Q
How does a cyclic acetal form?
A
Carbonyl + Diol
5
Q
What steps are involved in hemiacetal formation?
A
- Protonation of the C=O group on oxygen
- Nucleophilic attack by oxygen lone-pair electrons from the alcohol
- Loss of a proton gives a hemiacetal intermediate
6
Q
What steps are involved in the conversion of hemiacetal –> acetal ?
A
- Protonation of the hemiacetal -OH group on oxygen
- Loss of H2O leaving group to give a carbon intermediate
- Nucleophilic attack by oxygen lone-pair electrons from the alcohol
- Loss of a proton gives the acetal product
7
Q
What acts to activate the molecules for further reactions to take place?
A
- Protonation creates a stronger electrophile in steps 1 and 2
- Protonation creates a good leaving group in steps 4 and 5
Both allow further reactions to occur
8
Q
What molecule do both nucleophilic attacks occur on?
A
Oxonium ion
9
Q
What type of acetals experience intramolecular reactions?
A
Cyclic Acetals
10
Q
What does the bacterial cell wall comprise of?
A
Cross-linked polymer of alternating linked
N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
