Skull, Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, and Meninges Flashcards
What are the 5 functional spaces of the head?
cranial
orbital
ears
nares
oral
What are the 3 organizations of the skull?
neurocranium- top and sides
basicranium- protects underneath
face -front
What are the frontal bones of the skull?
What is the notch in the orbital of the eye and why is it important?
Supra-orbital notch (foramen) important for nerve blocks for the forehead
What is the foramen of the maxilla and why is it important?
Infraorbital foramen important for local anesthetic for the lower eyelid to the upper lip and side of the nose (half an inch below orbital)
What is the foramen of the mandible?
Mental foramen important for nerve block lower lip and chin
What is special about the occipital bone?
Important for movement of the head bc it meets with spinal bones spinal column runs through it
What is special about the lacrimal bone?
Hold tears for when you fail your test
What does the vomer bone do?
Separates the nose into two septum
What is the foramen magnum?
Passageway for spinal cord
What nerve does the sphenoid bone provide passage for?
trigeminal nerve
What does CN1 travel through to get to the nare?
the cribiform plates
What is the sella turcica and what sits inside of it?
the pituitary gland, the depression in the sphenoid bone
What are the foramen and the cranial nerves that they travel through?
See Slide 11
What is the opening from the outside to the nose?
Nare
What is the opening from the nose to the nasopharynx?
choanae
What are the extra bones in the nose that separate the nasal pathway?
superior, middle, and inferior concha they come from the lateral walls
What is the point of the concha?
increase the surface area for nasal endothelium (it is thick and spongy)
What are the spaces created by the concha called?
superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatus
What is important about the inferior nasal meatus?
It is were you would pass a nasogastric tube passes for anesthetic
What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?
Where the CN1 comes down
What makes up the nasal septum?
ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage
How many vertebral bones are there?
33
What are the regions of the vertebrae?
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5 fused) Coccygeal (4 fused)
What are the types of curvatures of the spine?
Primary (1): kyphosis Secondary (2): lordosis functioning for center of gravity and upright posture with no muscular pressure
What are the parts of a vertebra and function?
Vertebral body- (weight support, flexible joints between)
vertebral (neural) arch- (surrounding and protecting spinal cord)
Articular process (additional joints)
Transverse process (sites of muscle attachment)
spinous process (sites of muscle attachment)
What does the vertebral arch include?
pedicle
lamina (posterior)
Where is the intervertebral foramen?
between pedicles (nerves leave the spinal cord here)
What makes up a vertebral disc?
annulus fibrosis (fiber container) nucleus pulposis (gel inside)
What is the nuchal ligament?
ligament in the cervical region goes from spine all the way close to skin support and balance of the head site of attachment for neck muscles
What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen (vertebral arteries)
bifid spine (nuchal ligament attachment)
small body (less weight to support)
Looks like birds
What are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
costal articular facets (where ribs attach)
Looks like giraffe
What are the characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?
large body (weight support)
Looks like a moose
What cervical bone has a transverse foramen that the artery does not pass through?
C7
What is C1 called and what makes it unique?
atlas atlantooccipital joint (meets the occipital bone) no body anterior and posterior arches transverse ligament hold C1 and C2 together
What is C2 called and what makes it unique?
axis dens (odontoid process [body of c1 that got stuck])
What is the yes joint?
atlantooccipital joint
what is the no joint?
atlantoaxial joints
What are the lateral bones of the skull?
What are the inferior bones of the skull?
