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Anatomy > Neuroanatomy Part 1 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Part 1 Flashcards

Central Nervous System

1
Q

Where is CSF made?

A

Choroid plexus in the mostly the lateral ventricles

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2
Q

How much CSF is produced a day? And how much fluid is total?

A

500cc, 150cc

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3
Q

Where is excess CSF reabsorbed?

A

arachnoid granulations on the top of the brain (superior sagittal sinuses)

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4
Q

What is the flow of CSF?

A

Lateral ventricles -> through the foramina of Monro to the third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius) -> fourth ventricle -> exits inside of brain through two lateral foramina of Luschka and one medial foramen of Magendie -> cerebral cistern (above and at the foramen magnum). Then CSF flows down the spinal cord and back up and over the brain to the arachnoid granulations -> Returned to the superior sagittal sinus and returned to the venous system

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5
Q

What are the three most important spinal pathways, thier function, and name and level of decussation?

A
  1. Pyramidal or lateral corticospinal tract for: Voluntary movements/limbs 2. Posterior columns or dorsal columns for: Vibration, Fine touch and Position 3. Anterolateral or spinalthalamic tract for: Gross Touch, Pain, Temperature
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6
Q

What is the name and level of decussation of the lateral coricospinal tract?

A

Pyramidal decussation (cervico-medullary junction)

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7
Q

What is the name and level of decussation of the posterior column-medial lemiscal pathway?

A

Internal arcuate fibers (lower medulla)

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8
Q

What is the name and level of decussation of the anterolateral pathways?

A

Anterior commissure (spinal cord)

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9
Q

The motor cortex homunculi is _____________ to the somatosensory cortex.

A

anterior

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10
Q

Origin/Distribution of internal carotid artery

A

-Common carotid artery at superior border of thyroid cartilage -Gives branches to walls of cavernous sinus, pituitary gland, and trigeminal ganglion; provides primary supply to the brain

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11
Q

Origin/Distribution of anterior cerebral artery

A

-Internal cerebral artery -Cerebral hemispheres, except for the occipital lobes

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12
Q

Origin/Distribution of the anterior communicating artery

A

-Anterior carotid artery -Cerebral arterial circle (of Willis)

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13
Q

Origin/Distribution of the middle cerebral artery

A

-Continuation of internal carotid artery distal to anterior cerebral artery -Most of the lateral surface of cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

Origin/Distribution of vertebral artery

A

-Subclavian artery -Cranial meninges and cerebellum

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15
Q

Origin/Distribution of basilar artery

A

-Formed by union of vertebral arteries -Brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum

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16
Q

What is this artery?

A

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

17
Q

Origin/Distribution of posterior communicating artery

A

-Posterior cerebral artery -Optic tract, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule, and thalamus

18
Q

The dura splits into two layers, the ___________ and _____________. They form the _______.

A

-Periosteal layer -Meningeal layer -Superior Sagittal Sinus

19
Q

The ______ _________ is the sheet hanging down between the cerebral hemispheres. Represented by letter ___?

A

falx cerebri (dura), G.

20
Q

If a patient were struck in the head with a hammer, and had a head contusion, the __________ _______ would rupture and cause a _________ ___________. On Ct you would see a cresent shape.

A

-bridging veins -subdural hematoma

21
Q

The foramina of Magendie and foramen of Luschka exit into the ________ _______ of the spinal cord.

A

central canal

22
Q

If you had an obstruction in the cerebral aqueduct what would happen?

A

The third ventricle would fill up with CSF and kill an adult patient if not treated and cause the infants head to enlarge dramatically full of CSF. Increase the pressure in the brain.

23
Q

What is the falx cerebri composed of?

A

Dura matter

24
Q

What separates the somatosensory cortex from the motor cortex?

A

Central sulci

25
Q

Which letter represents the dura layer?

A

C. The dura is composed of the periosteal and meningeal layers and is superficial to the arachnoid and pia later

26
Q

What layers are A and B?

A

A. Pia mater (on the surface of the brain)

B. Arachnoid mater

27
Q

What location represents the Spinal epidural space?

A

K. Spinal epidural space (natural space occupied by fat and veins)

28
Q

What letter would represent pathological seperation of dura mater from bone, e.g., by hemorrhage? What letter repressents the dura mater?

A

J. Cranial extradural space

I. Cranial Dura Mater (double layer)

L. Spinal Dura mater (meningeal layer only)

29
Q

This is the first place the CSF travels to after being generated in the choroid plexus

A

Foramen of Monro

30
Q

Label the layers of the skull from most superficial to the pericranium

A

Skin

Subcutaneous Connective tissue

Galea Aponeurotica

Loose areolar connective tissue

Pericranium (periosteum)

31
Q

What tears with head contusion and a subdural hematoma?

A

Bridging veins

32
Q

What is this site? If there were a blockage in this site, what would happen in infants, in humans?

A

Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct is the most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus in infants. In adults, this would likely be more fatal because there is no stretching of the dura.

33
Q

What nerves are located in the cavernous sinus?

A

Cavernous Sinus:

III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), VI (Abducent), V1 (Opthalmic), V2 (Maxillary)

Note structures around Sphenoid sinus underneath, sella turcica with pituitary in, internal carotid and optic chiasm on top

34
Q

Label all the viens

A

A. Superficial temporal

B. Supratrochlear

C. Supra-orbital

D. Angular

E. Deep facial

F. Facial

G. Retromandibular

35
Q

What houses the pituitary?

A

Sella turcica

36
Q

Label the main brain centers

37
Q

Label the main arteries

A

A. Anterior cerebral

B. Mid cerebral

C. Internal carotid

D. Posterior communicating

E. Posterior cerebral

F. Superior cerebellar

G. Basilar

H. Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)

I. Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)

J. Vertebral

K. Anterior spinal

38
Q

What area of the brain is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

Middle cerebral?

Posterior cerebral?

A

Anterior cerebral -> The frontal and superior poles of the cerebrum

Middle cerebral -> Temporal pole of the cerebrum

Posterior cerebral -> Occipital pole of cerebrum

39
Q

What area of the brain is supplied by the internal carotid artery?

Vertebral cerebral?

Basilar?

Posterior cerebral?

Posterior communicating?

A

Internal carotid -> branches to the walls of cavernouse sinus, pituitary gland, and trigeminal ganglion; primary supply to brain

Vertebral cerebral -> Cranial meninges and cerebellum

Basilar -> Brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum

Posterior cerebral -> Inf. aspect of cerebral hemisphere and occipital lobe

Posterior communicating -> optic tract, cerebral peduncle, internal capsule, and thalamus

Anatomy (10 decks)

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