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Anatomy > Neuroanatomy Part 2 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main long tracts of the nervous system? Their function? Their decussation points?

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal tract -Motor -pyramidal decussation (cervivomedullary juntion
  2. Anterolateral spinal tract - Sensory ( pain temperature crude touch) - anterior comissure
  3. Posterior column or medial lemniscal - Sensory ( vibration proprioception fine touch) -internal arcuate fibers ( lower medulla)
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2
Q

Is the nucleus gracilis responsible for lower or upper limb sensory info? Is the nucleus cuneatus responsible for lower or upper limb sensory info?

A

Nucleus gracilis = lower limb ( vibration proprioception fine touch)

Nucleus cuneatus = upper limb ( vibration proprioception fine touch)

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3
Q

If we cut at the ventral root, spinal nerve, or dorsal root?

A

Ventral = no motor

Spinal = no motor or sensory

Dorsal = no sensory

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4
Q

Intermediolateral cell column =

A

preganglionic sympathetics

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5
Q

Lumbar punctures in adults are usually performed

A

between L3–L5 (cauda equina level) in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

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6
Q

Grey rami communicates to…

A

all spinal nerves

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7
Q

White rami carries what? Starts and ends?

A

Presynaptic sym. fibers from ventral primary rami to sym. trunk and exists only between T1-L2

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8
Q

WIll you find white rami in the neck or past L2?

A

No exists only between T1-L2

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9
Q

Dermatome definition? What are landmarks for clavicle, nipples, & armpit; knee?

A

A dermatome is an area of skin that is served by a single spinal nerve;

C4 = Clavicle

T4 & armpit = Nipples

L3 = Knee

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10
Q

CN I, test, & cranial exit

A

Olfactory, sniff coffee, foramina in the cribriform plate of ethmoid

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11
Q

CN II, test, & cranial exit

A

Optic, shine light for pupil for sensory part, optic cranial

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12
Q

CN III, test, & cranial exit

A

Occulomotor, is pupil blown?, superior orbital fissure.

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13
Q

CN IV, test, & cranial exit

A

Trochlear, follow your finger while you move it down toward his nose, superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

CN V ( V1 V2 V3), test, and cranial exit

A

Trigeminal (Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular), touch face three times, (Ophthalmic = superior orbital fissure, maxillary= formen rotundum, mandibular=foramen ovale)

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15
Q

CN VI, test, and cranial exit

A

abducens, look toward each ear, superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

CN VII, test, and cranial exit

A

Facial, smile, internal acoustic meatus

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17
Q

CN VIII, test, and cranial exit

A

Vestibulocochlear, rub fingers near ears, internal auditory meatus

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18
Q

CN IX, test, and cranial exit

A

Glossopharyngeal, gag or pallate elevation, jugular foramen

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19
Q

CN X, test, and cranial exit

A

Vagus, say AHHH, Jugular foramen

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20
Q

CN XI, test, and cranial exit

A

Spinal acessory, shoulder shrug, jugular foramen

21
Q

CN XII, test, and cranial exit

A

Hypoglossal, tongue side to side, hypoglossal canal

22
Q

CN 2 and 12 have own canal

A

optic canal and hypoglossal canal

23
Q

Rule of 4s

A

4 midline structures that start with M

4 side structures that begin with S

4 CN in medulla, 4 in pons, 4 above pons 4 motor nuclei that are midline and divide equally into 12( 3,4,6,12), lateral are the rest

24
Q

4 midline structures that begin with M

A
  1. Motor pathway
  2. Medial lemniscus
  3. Medial longitudinal fasiculus
  4. Motor nucleus and nerve
25
Q

4 side structures that begin with S

A
  1. Spinocerebellar pathway 2. Spinothalamic pathway 3. Sensory nucleus of the 5th 4. sympathetic pathway
26
Q

4 Medulla CN

A

9-12

27
Q

4 PONS CN

A

5-8

28
Q

4 above pons CN

A

3&4 (midbrain) 1&2 (above brainstem)

29
Q

Blood supply midbrain (CN 3 &4)

A

Posterior cerebellar artery (PCA)

30
Q

Blood supply Pons

A

medial(6)=basilar, Lateral (5-8)= Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

31
Q

Blood supply medulla

A

medial(12)=Anterior spinal artery, Lateral (9-11)= Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

32
Q

Identify the four cortices of the brain in the color diagram below.

A
  1. ) purple: primary motor or sensory cortex
  2. ) red: unimodal association cortex
  3. ) yellow: heteromodal association cortex
  4. ) light blue: Limbic Cortex
33
Q

___ are responsible for collecting used cerebrospinal fluid as it gets recycled into here through arachnoid granulations

A

dura sinuses

34
Q

Dural sinuses eventually drain into the _____ and exit the skull via the ____.

A

internal jugular vein; jugular foramen

35
Q

the internal and external jugular vein drain directly into ___.

A

subclavian veins

36
Q

A 27-year-old male has a spinal cord injury in a skiing accident. When his motor and sensory systems are tested, it is found that his sensory systems are intact, but that he has hypertonia, increased deep tendon reflexes, and a positive Babinski sign. These signs suggest a lesion in the:

a) upper motor axons of the medial lemniscus
b) lower motor axons of the medial lemniscus
c) upper motor axons of the corticospinal tract
d) lower motor axons of the corticospinal tract
e) lower motor axons of the corticobulbar tract

A

c; upper motor axons of the corticospinal tract

37
Q

A 24-year-old female severs her spinal cord while diving into a shallow muddy river. After transfer to the emergency room and examination, it is found that she has lost skeletal motor control, along with fine touch and proprioception on her left side below T4. She has also lost pain and temperature sensation on her right side below T5. She has:

a) hemisected her spinal cord on the right side at T4
b) hemisected her spinal cord on the left side at T4
c) fully transected her spinal cord at T4
d) lost the posterior columns of her spinal cord at T4
e) lost the anterior columns of her spinal cord at T4
f) lost the lateral columns of her spinal cord at T4

A

b; hemisected her spinal cord on the left side at T4

38
Q
  1. A 38-year-old female patient arrives at her physician’s office complaining about injuring her hands quite frequently, since she does not notice hurting them. She realizes that she has lost her ability to sense pain from her hands and forearms. Upon further testing, it is found that she has diminished pain and temperature sensation over her shoulders, upper back, and upper extremities, with no loss of these sensations over the rest of her body. She also has intact fine touch, proprioception, and skeletal motor control. These symptoms could be due to compression of which part of the cervical region of the spinal cord?
    a) posterior columns
    b) lateral columns
    c) anterior columns
    d) anterior horn
    e) anterior white commissure
A

e; anterior white commissure

39
Q
  1. A 47-year-old female patient has a small stroke that impacts her facial musculature. She cannot close her left eye tightly (which produces difficulty keeping her eye moist) and she drools from the left side of her mouth, with no ability to smile or frown on the left side of her face. Interestingly, she can raise her eyelids and wrinkle the skin on her forehead on both sides. Given these findings, her physician concludes that there is a:
    a) left upper motor neuron lesion controlling her facial muscles
    b) right upper motor neuron lesion controlling her facial muscles
    c) left lower motor neuron lesion controlling her facial muscles
    d) right lower motor neuron lesion controlling her facial muscles
A

b; right upper motor neuron lesion controlling her facial muscles

40
Q

neural tract that connects Broca’s area with with Wernicke’s area and regulates fluent speech is the ___.

A

arcuate fasciculus

41
Q

Identify the starred structure

A

dorsal/posterior horn

42
Q

Identify the starred structure

A

ventral/anterior horn

43
Q

3 types of spian lreflexes

A
  1. reciprocal inhibition
  2. flexor reflex
  3. crossed-extensor reflex
44
Q

spinal reflex when activation of extensor muscles and inhibition of flexors on opposite side

A

crossed-extensor reflex

45
Q

complex reflex arc used to withdraw limb from aversive stimulus

A

flexor reflex

46
Q

contraction of one muscle set accompanied by relaxation of antagonist muscle

A

reciprocal inhibition

47
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies (butterfly in the middle)

48
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons insulated in fat

Anatomy (10 decks)

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