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RADT 133 > skull positioning > Flashcards

skull positioning Flashcards

1
Q

CR angle for AP Axial (Towne)

A

30 caudad to OML ~or~ 37 caudad to IOML

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2
Q

CR centering for AP Axial (Towne)

A

2.5 inches above the glabella

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3
Q

Part position for AP Axial (Towne)

A

OML perpendicular to IR ~or~ IOML if patient is unable to flex

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4
Q

Image analysis for AP Axial (Towne)

A

-petrous ridges should be symmetric (indicating no rotation)
-under-angulation of CR/insufficient flexion of neck = dorsum sellae superior to foramen magnum
-over-angulation of CR/excessive neck flexion = posterior arch of C1 over dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum and foreshortening of dorsum sellae

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5
Q

Correct CR angle and proper neck flexing in the Towne Method are indicated by __________ visualized in the ___________

A

Dorsum sellae and posterior clinic processes, foremen magnum

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6
Q

With AP Axial (Towne) images, under-angulation of CR/insufficient flexion of neck puts ___________________

A

dorsum sellae superior to the foramen magnum

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7
Q

With AP Axial (Towne) images, over-angulation of CR/excessive flexion of neck puts ___________________

A

posterior arch of C1 over the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum and produces foreshortening of the dorsum sellae

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8
Q

With AP Axial (Towne) method, the petrous ridges will appear ______ in the direction of rotation

A

narrowed

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9
Q

CR angle for Lateral Skull

A

perpendicular to IR

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10
Q

CR centering for Lateral Skull

A

2 inches superior to EAM ~or~ halfway between glabella and inion for other types of skull morphologies

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11
Q

Part position for Lateral Skull

A

-MSP parallel to IR with no rotation or tilt
-IPL perpendicular to IR
-IOML perpendicular to front edge of IR

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12
Q

_____________ is only position to see air/fluid level in trauma for a lateral skull

A

horizontal beam (cross table beam)

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13
Q

rotation in a lateral skull image is evident by ______________

A

anterior and posterior separation of symmetric vertical bilateral structures (such as mandibular rami, greater wings of sphenoid)

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14
Q

tilt in a lateral skull is evident by ____________________

A

superior and inferior separation of symmetric horizontal structures (such as orbital plates and greater wings of sphenoid bone)

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15
Q

anatomy demonstrated in a lateral skull

-entire cranium
-superimposed __________
-entire sella turcica including ____________________
-_________________ demonstrated in profile

A

-parietal bones
-anterior/posterior clinoid processes and dorsum sellae
-sella turcica and clivus

*okay to not have entire mandible

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16
Q

Part position for PA Axial (Caldwell)

A

OML perpendicular to IR, MSP perpendicular to IR

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17
Q

CR angle for PA Axial (Caldwell)

A

15 caudad (to exit at nasion)

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18
Q

CR centering for PA Axial (Caldwell) 15 degrees caudad

A

exit at nasion

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19
Q

How to tell the difference between a PA Caldwell and AP Caldwell

A

Orbits will be magnified on an AP (due to OID magnification)

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20
Q

Part position for PA Skull

A

OML perpendicular to IR, MSP perpendicular to IR

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21
Q

CR angle for PA skull

A

0 (perpendicular)

22
Q

CR centering for PA skull

A

exit at glabella

23
Q

Patient position for SMV

A

hyperextend neck to get IOML parallel to the IR, rest head on vertex, MSP perpendicular to CR

24
Q

CR angle for SMV

A

perpendicular to IOML

25
Q

CR centering for SMV

A

1 ½ inch below mandibular symphysis ~or~ midway between gonions (approx. 2/4 inch anterior to level of EAM)

26
Q

Example of AP Axial (Towne) rotation: left petrous ridges narrowed means the head was rotated towards the _______

A

left, as petrous ridges appear narrowed in the direction of rotation

27
Q

In an AP Axial (Towne) image, unequal petrous ridges is indicative of (tilt/rotation)

A

rotation

28
Q

In an AP Axial (Towne) image, shifting of the anterior or posterior clinoid processes laterally within foramen magnum is indicative of (tilt/rotation)

A

tilt

29
Q

in a lateral skull, do you need to have the entire mandible on the x-ray?

A

no

30
Q

clinical indications for AP Axial (Towne)

A

skull fractures (medial and lateral displacement), neoplastic processes, Paget disease

31
Q

clinical indications for lateral skull

A

skull fractures, neoplastic processes, Paget disease

32
Q

clinical indications for PA Axial (Caldwell) skull

A

skull fractures, neoplastic processes, Paget disease

33
Q

clinical indications for PA (straight) skull

A

skull fractures (medial and lateral displacement), neoplastic processes, Paget disease

visualizes frontal bone with minimal distortion

34
Q

anatomy demonstrated for PA Axial (Caldwell)

A

frontal bone, greater and lesser sphenoid wings, superior orbital fissures, frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses, supraorbital margins, crista galli

35
Q

PA Axial (Caldwell) image will result in the petrous ridges in what part of the orbits?

A

lower 1/3 of orbits

36
Q

PA (straight) skull mage will result in the petrous ridges in what part of the orbits?

A

filling the orbits

37
Q

where does a 25-30 degree Caldwell exit?

A

also at nasion

38
Q

what does a 25-30 degree Caldwell demonstrate?

A

in addition to typical Caldwell:
foramen rotundum adjacent to each IOM, superior orbital fissures within the orbits

39
Q

A 25-30 Caldwell will demonstrate ___________________ better than a typical Caldwell will

A

superior orbital fissures, foramen rotundum, inferior orbital rim

40
Q

what impacts the location of petrous ridges within the orbits for Caldwell exams?

A

CR angle and OML alignment

41
Q

Unequal distance from mid-lateral orbital margins to lateral cortex of cranium on a Caldwell exam is indicative of (tilt/rotation)

A

rotation

42
Q

Example of PA Axial (Caldwell) rotation: if the distance between the lateral orbit and lateral cranial cortex is greater than the left side, the face is rotated ______

A

toward the left side

43
Q

Correct positioning for a PA Axial (Caldwell) exam will show petrous ridges in the __________ of orbits and the _____________ visualized without superimposition

A

lower 1/3 of orbits, supraorbital orbital margins

44
Q

PA Axial (Caldwell) 25-30 degrees will result in the petrous ridges in what part of the orbit?

A

at or just below the IOM to allow visualization of entire orbital base

45
Q

clinical indications for SMV

A

advanced bony pathology of inner temporal bone structures (skull base), possible basal skull fracture

46
Q

correct extension of neck and relationship between IOML and CR are indicated by the ___________ being ___________

A

mandibular mentum being anterior to the ethmoid sinuses

47
Q

in an SMV, unequal distances between mandibular ramus and lateral cranial cortex is indicative of (tilt/rotation)

A

tilt

48
Q

Example of SMV tilt: if the distance on the left side between the ramus and lateral cranium is greater on the L than the R, the cranial vertex is tilted to the ____

A

left

49
Q

anatomy demonstrated on SMV

-foramen _____________
-mandible
-_________________ sinuses
-______ process
-petrous ridges
-hard palate
-foramen _______
-_______ bone

A

-foramen ovale and spinonum
-mandible
-sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
-mastoid
-petrous ridges
-hard palate
-foramen magnum
-occipital bone

50
Q

*need PA straight skull added

A

RADT 133 (6 decks)

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