sinus series

Question 1

maxillary sinus
-status at birth
-first radiologic evidence
-reaches adult size by

Answer 1

• present at birth
• 4-5 months after birth
• 15 years

Question 2

ethmoid sinus
-status at birth
-first radiologic evidence
-reaches adult size by

Answer 2

• present at birth
• 1 year
• 12 years

Question 3

sphenoid sinus
-status at birth
-first radiologic evidence
-reaches adult size by

Answer 3

• not present
• 4 years
• 15 years-adult age

Question 4

frontal - not present
- 4 years
- first radiologic evidence
- reaches adult size by

Answer 4

• not present
• 6 years
• size increases until teen years

Question 5

over-penetration of the sinuses _____________________ existing pathologic condition

Answer 5

diminishes or completely obliterates

Question 6

under-penetration can ___________ pathologic conditions _______________

Answer 6

simulate, that do not exist

Question 7

lateral sinuses positioning

Answer 7

patient upright, head in true lateral, MSP parallel to IR, IPL perpendicular to IR

Question 8

lateral sinuses CR angle

Answer 8

perpendicular (0 angle)

Question 9

lateral sinuses CR centering

Answer 9

midway between outer canthus and EAM

Question 10

lateral sinuses anatomy demonstrated

Answer 10

all 4 paranasal sinuses

Question 11

all sinus projections need to happen with the patient _________

Answer 11

upright to demonstrate air fluid levels

Question 12

how long should the patient sit upright for the air/fluid levels to settle?

Answer 12

~5 minutes

Question 13

PA (Caldwell) sinuses positioning

Answer 13

patient upright, patient’s nose and forehead against IR to OML 15 deg from horizontal

Question 14

PA (Caldwell) sinuses CR angle

Answer 14

perpendicular

Question 15

PA (Caldwell) sinuses CR centering

Answer 15

exit at nasion

Question 16

PA (Caldwell) sinuses anatomy demonstrated

Answer 16

frontal sinuses projected above frontonasal suture, anterior ethmoid air cells visuals lateral to each nasal bone directly below frontal sinuses

Question 17

Waters sinuses positioning

Answer 17

Positioning: patient upright, MML perpendicular to IR, OML forms a 37 deg angle with plane of IR

Question 18

Waters sinuses CR angle

Answer 18

perpendicular

Question 19

Waters sinuses CR centering

Answer 19

exit at acanthion

Question 20

Waters sinuses anatomy demonstrated

Answer 20

-maxillary sinuses with inferior aspect free of superimposing alveolar processes/petrous ridges
-infraorbital margin
- oblique view of frontal sinuses

Question 21

SMV sinuses positioning

Answer 21

IOML parallel to table/IR with head resting on vertex

Question 22

SMV sinuses CR angle

Answer 22

perpendicular to IOML = 0

Question 23

SMV sinuses CR centering

Answer 23

midway between angles of mandible, at a level 1.5-2 inches inferior to mandibular symphysis

Question 24

SMV anatomy demonstrated

Answer 24

sphenoid sinuses, ethmoid sinuses, maxillary sinuses, nasal fossae

Question 25

open mouth waters sinuses are best to visualize _________________

Answer 25

the sphenoid sinuses

Question 26

open mouth waters centering

Answer 26

exit at acanthion (same as regular waters)

Question 27

in an SMV sinus exam, the sphenoid sinuses need to appear ________________

Answer 27

above foramen magnum