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604 Anatomy > Skull, Mandible, and Hyoid Apparatus > Flashcards

Skull, Mandible, and Hyoid Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

dolichocephalic

A

whippet/greyhound shape (long nosed dogs)

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2
Q

mesocephalic

A

medium-nosed dog

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3
Q

brachycephalic

A

short nosed dog

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4
Q

Skull

A

complex of bones formed in both membrane and cartilage

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5
Q

cranium

A

bones that surround the brain

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6
Q

calvaria

A

roof of the cranium (parietal and frontal bones)

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7
Q

external sagittal crest

A

median ridge formed by parietal and interparietal bones

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8
Q

Do all breeds have an external sagittal crest?

A

No - brachycephalic breeds often do not

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9
Q

Temporal line

A

present in all breeds, most pronounced in brachycephalics; not associated with temporal bone

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10
Q
A

temporal fossa

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11
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

where interparietal and occipital bone fuse

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12
Q

Paracondylar process

A

ventral projections that articulate with tympanic bulla

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13
Q

Occipital condyles

A

protrusions help outline foramen magnum

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14
Q

Pink?
Green?
Blue?

A

Pink = External occipital protuberance
Green = Occipital condyles
Blue = Paracondylar process

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15
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

exit for the medulla of the brainstem to the spinal cord

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16
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

exit for hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

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17
Q

What cranial nerves run through the tympano-occipital fissure?

A

CN9, 10, and 11 (glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory)

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18
Q

Species with the tympano-occipital fissure

A

carnivore and ruminant

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19
Q

Structures that are not cranial nerves that go through tympano-occipital fissure

A

internal jugular vein, sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic axons [from the cranial cervical ganglion]

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20
Q

Nuchal crest

A

the point where you go from dorsal surface to caudal surface of the skull; in the carnivore and equine

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21
Q

Nuchal line

A

in the ruminant, frontal bone goes to the caudal aspect

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22
Q

Ethmoid foramen

A

at ventrolateral aspect of the frontal bone and the ethmoid vessels run through it

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23
Q

Is the zygomatic process of the frontal bone present in all three species?

A

yes

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24
Q

Supraorbital Foramen

A

palpable formen in the equine frontal bone where the supraorbital VAN triad goes though and is important for nerve blocks

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25
Cornual process
bony process of the frontal bone that actually makes the horn in the ruminant
26
Intercornual protuberance
aka the poll, bump between the horns
27
Do ruminants have supraorbital formina?
yes (and it has the VAN triad); ox has multiple
28
Supraorbital groove
present in ruminants; frontal vein runs caudally along it
29
3 Parts of the Temporal Bone
1. Squamous 2. Tympanic 3. Petrosal
30
4 Parts of the Squamous Part of the Temporal Bone
1. Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone 2. Mandibular fossa 3. Retroarticular process 4. Retroarticular foramen
31
What does the mandibular fossa articulate with? What does it form?
condyle of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
32
Retroarticular foramen
drains the temporal venous sinus and important in TECA surgery
33
Tympanic bulla
bulbous enlargement that encloses the middleear cavity and its ossicles
34
External acoustic meatus
on lateral side of tympanic bulla
35
What cranial nerve exits the skull from the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve (CN7), located just caudal to the external acoustic meatus
36
Petrosal part of the temporal bone is also essentially?
inner ear
37
Foramen lacerum
located on rostromedial edge of tympanic bulla; in carnivores and bovines; loop of internal carotid goes through
38
Musculotubal canal
slightly lateral to foramen lacerum bonyenclosure or auditory tube from middle ear to nasopharynx
39
Auditory tube
equalizes air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear
40
Infraorbital foramen
rostral opening of the infraorbital canal in the maxilla bone
41
Maxillary foramen
caudal opening to the infraorbital canal
42
What runs through the infraorbital canal?
Infraorbital VAN triad
43
Facial crest
part of the temporal bone that is the site for muscle attachment in the horse
44
Facial tuberosity
part of the temporal bone that is the site for muscle attachment in the ruminant
45
Lacrimal bulla
part of temporal bone that is lateral to the maxillary foramen in the ruminant
46
What is the origin of the masseter muscle?
zygomatic arch
47
Which species does not have a frontal process of the zygomatic bone?
equine
48
What 3 bones make up the orbital margin?
frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones
49
What species has an orbital ligament?
carnivores
50
Orbital ligament
extennds from frontal process of zygomatic bone to zygomatic process of the frontal bone (in carnivores because the orbit is incomplete)
51
Foramina of the Pterygopalatine fossa
caudal palatine foramen sphenopalatine foramen
52
What runs through the caudal palatine foramen?
major palatine VAN triad
53
What runs through the sphenopalatine foramen?
sphenopalatine artery and vein Caudal nasal nerve
54
What cranial nerve runs through the optic canal?
Optic nerve (CN2)
55
What cranial nerves run through the orbital fissure?
56
Rostral and caudal alar foramina
openings of the alar canal; pass-through for maxiallary artery and nerve
57
Round foramen
opens from cranial cavity into the alar canal
58
What nerve runs through the round foramen?
maxillary from trigeminal nerve
59
What runs through the oval foramen?
mandibular nerve from the trigeminal nerve, middle meningeal artery
60
Foramen Lacerum Size in Equines
larger than in the carnivore (includes the tympano-occipital fissure, oval foramen, jugular foramen, and more)
61
Parts of Foramen Lacerum in Horse
1. Oval Notch 2. Carotid Notch
62
What passes through the foramen lacerum in the horse?
mandibular branch from trigeminal (oval), CN9, 10, and 11, sympathetic trunk, internal carotid artery, [internal] jugular vein, and also anything from the tympano-occipital fissure
63
Name the red, blue, and yellow notches of the formen lacerum of the horse.
Red = Jugular Notch Blue = Oval Notch Yellow = Carotid Notch
64
Do ruminants have an alar canal?
No
65
Foramen orbitorotundum
joined orbital fissure and round foramen in ruminants; passge for CN 3,4, 6, and the opthalmic and maxillary trigeminals
66
3 Sphenoid Foramina in Ruminants
1. Optic Canal (CN2) 2. Oval Foramen (mandibular division of trigeminal) 3. Foramen Orbitorotundum
67
Cribriform Plate
rostral wall of the ethmoid bone
68
Sella turcica
dorsal surface of the basisphenoid bone
69
Hypophyseal fossa
where the pituitary gland sits in the skull
70
Dorsum sellae
the raised bump in the sella turcica
71
Which lobes of the brain sit in the sella turcica?
parietal and temporal
72
Canal for the trigeminal nerve
within the cranial cavity and where the trigeminal ganglion is; where the trigeminal splits into multiple branches before leaving the skull
73
What nerves run through the internal acoustic meatus?
facial and vestibulocochlear nerves (CN 7 and 8)
74
Cerebellar fossa
holds a small lateral portion of the cerebellum
75
Jugular foramen
opens through tympano-occipital fissure (in carnivores and ruminant) and is exit for CN9,10,11 and internal jugular vein
76
Condyloid canal
venous sinus runs through here
77
Foramen for the Dorsal Sagittal SInus
transverse canal and transverse groove will carry the dorsal sagittal sinus to transverse sinus
78
Nasoincisive Notch
junction of the nasal and incisive bones
79
Choanae
opening of nasal cavities to the common nasopharynx, between the vomer and the palatine bone
80
What three bones make up the hard palate?
1. Incisive bone 2. Maxilla bone 3. Palatine bone
81
Alveolus
bony sockets that the roots of the teeth fit into
82
Interalveolar septae
bony part between the separate alveoli of adjacent teeth
83
Interradicular septae
bony part between the alveolus of the tooth separating each root
84
Palatine fissure
between the canine teeth for blood vessels to enter the nasal cavity
85
What runs through the Major Palatine Foramen?
major palatine VAN triad
86
What runs through the Minor Palatine Foramen/Foramina?
Major and Minor VAN triads
87
How many mandibles?
two, to compose the lower jaw
88
Parts of the Mandible
Body and Ramus
89
Massenteric fossa
on the ramus and is the insertion point for masseter muscle
90
Coronoid crest and process
temporal muscle inserts on the medial aspect
91
Mandibular foramen
on medial aspect of the ramus of the mandible, the caudal opening of the mandibular canal; opening for Inferior Alveolar VAN triad
92
Mental foramina
opening of the mandibular canal rostrally, for mental VAN triads
93
Clinical Significance of Mental Foramina?
small animal medicine for nerve blocks during dentals!
94
Condylar/Condyloid process of the mandible
helps form temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
95
Mandibular notch
between the condylar and coronoid processes and are for mandibular nerve motor branches to innerate the masseter muscle
96
Angular process
most caudoventral aspect of mandible, attachment of pterygoid and masseter muscles
97
What two pieces make up the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
1. Condylar process of mandible 2. Mandibular fossa of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
98
Hyoid Apparatus
to stabilize the tongue and larynx by suspending it from the skull
99
6 Parts of the Hyoid Apparatus
1. Tympanohyoid cartilage 2. Stylohyoid Bone 3. Epihyoid Bone 4. Ceratohyoid Bone 5. Basihyoid Bone 6. Thyrohyoid Bone
100
Which bone of the hyoid apparatus is not paired?
Basihyoid
101
Function of Basihyoid Bone
unite both sides of the hyoid aparatus in the root of the tongue
102
To help orient you and your hyoid apparatus
you're doing great
103
Label your hyoid apparatus.
104
What is unique about the large animal hyoid apparatus?
the basihyoid bone has a lingual process that juts out rostrally

604 Anatomy (8 decks)

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