skull, face, neck triangles Flashcards
functions of bones of cranium
i. Enclose and protect the brain
ii. Provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles
functions for bones of face
i. Form the framework of the face
ii. Form cavities for the sense organs
iii. Provide openings for passage of air and food
iv. Hold the teeth
v. Anchor the muscles of the mouth
skull sutures
immovable joints between skull bones
4 major:
coronal: between frontal and parietal bone
lambdoid: posterior, between occipital and parietal
sagittal: dividing parietal bones
squamous: between temporal and parietal
fontanelles
b. Fontanelles: flexible areas of dense regular connective tissue that connects the bones of the infant skull
i. Posterior closes before anterior
veins of neck
internal jugular- major vein draining all structures from brain
external- draining from scalp, little smaller
both draining into superior vena cava
occipitofrontalis muscle
has a frontal belly and occipital belly
frontal belly covers forehead= elevates eyebrows and wriknles forehead horizontally
occipital belly- covers posterior skull, pulls scal posteriorly
emotion= surprise, curiosity
corrugator supercilii
small muscle in medial eyebrow
draws eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles above nose
emotion: concern, skepticism
orbicularis oculi
thin, flat, sphincter of eye, surrounds orbit
closes eye
action: winking, blinking, squinting
levator palpebrae superioiris
is innervated by oculomotor nerve (CN III)
(all other muscles are innervated by facial nerve CN VIII)
runs from posterior orbit to superior eyelid’
elevates superior eyelid to open eye
-surprise, curiosity
procerus
between eyebrows
depresses medual eyebrow, wrinkles skin over nose
-dislike
nasalis
over cartilage of nose
conpresses bridge and depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
-flared nostrils
buccinator
thin horizontal muscle in cheel,
compresses cheek,
whistling, sucking
depressor anguli oris
runs from angle of mouth to lateral chin
draws corner to mouth inferiorly and laterally
-frown
depressor labii inferioris
runs from lateral chin to lower lip
depresses lower lip
-frown
levator anguli oris
runs from medial cheel to angle of lips
widens mouth, elevates corners,
smiling
levator labii superioris
runs from inferior orbit to lateral upper lip
elevates and furrows the upper lip
sadness
levator labii superioris alequae
runs alongside nose to medial upper lip, lateral to midline
elevates upper lip, dilates nostrils
-snarl
zygomaticus minor
aygomatic arch to lateral upper lip
raises corner of nouth/lateral upper lip
smile
zygomaticus minor
zygomatic arch to lateral upper lip
raises corner of mouth/lateral upper lip
smile
orbicularis oris
thin muscle surrounding entrance to oral cavity
closes lips/mouth
purses and protrudes lips
-kissing, whistling
risorius
runs horizontally and laterally from angle of mouth
draws corner of lip laterally and down, tenses lips
-frustration, sadness
mentalis
anterior chin to lower lip
elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
pouting
platysma
think muscle within skin of neck that runs from clavicular region to lower mandible and mouth
tenses skin of inferior face and neck, depresses jaw
pops out when reaching for something
muscles of the neck.
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalene muscles
- syprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
a. Sternocleidomastoid
muscle of neck, pops out to side
i. Bilateral: flex neck
ii. Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the opposite side
iii. Innervated by accessory nerve
b. Scalene muscles
muscle of neck
i. Flex neck, elevate rib 1 and 2 during forced inhalation
suprahyoid muscles
muscles of neck Elevate hyoid during swallowing and speaking i. Digastric muscle 1. Two bellies - anterior and posterior ii. Mylohyoid iii. Geniohyoid iv. Stylohyoid 1. Originates at styloid process
d. Infrahyoid muscles
(below hyoid): depress hyoid during swallowing and speaking
i. Omohyoid
1. Two bellies - superior and inferior
ii. Sternohyoid
1. Originates at sternum
iii. Thyrohyoid
1. Originates at thyroid cartilage
iv. Sternothyroid
1. Origin: sternum (manubrium) Insertion: thyroid cartilage
- Define the triangles of the neck and list the contents of each triangle.
a. Anterior triangle (anterior to SCM)
i. Submental triangle
ii. Submandibular triangle
iii. Carotid triangle
iv. Muscular triangle
ii. Occipital triangle
iii. Supraclavicular triangle - inferior
posterior triangle
- occipital triangle
- supraclavicular triangle
submental triangle
part of anterior triangle of neck
- unpaired, under chin
- mylohyoid, lymph nodes
submandibular triangle
part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
under mandible
submandibular glands (salivary gland, facial artery and vein
carotid triangle
part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
common carotid artery, internal jugular, hypoglossal and vagus nerves
muscular triangle
part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
front of neck
infrahyoid muscles, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid
posterior triangle of neck
little triangles separated by inferior omohyoid
- occipital triangle- superior
- supraclavicular triangle- inferior
