skull, face, neck triangles

Question 1

functions of bones of cranium

Answer 1

i. Enclose and protect the brain

ii. Provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles

Question 2

functions for bones of face

Answer 2

i. Form the framework of the face
ii. Form cavities for the sense organs
iii. Provide openings for passage of air and food
iv. Hold the teeth
v. Anchor the muscles of the mouth

Question 3

skull sutures

Answer 3

immovable joints between skull bones
4 major:
coronal: between frontal and parietal bone
lambdoid: posterior, between occipital and parietal
sagittal: dividing parietal bones
squamous: between temporal and parietal

Question 4

fontanelles

Answer 4

b. Fontanelles: flexible areas of dense regular connective tissue that connects the bones of the infant skull
i. Posterior closes before anterior

Question 5

veins of neck

Answer 5

internal jugular- major vein draining all structures from brain
external- draining from scalp, little smaller
both draining into superior vena cava

Question 6

occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 6

has a frontal belly and occipital belly

frontal belly covers forehead= elevates eyebrows and wriknles forehead horizontally

occipital belly- covers posterior skull, pulls scal posteriorly

emotion= surprise, curiosity

Question 7

corrugator supercilii

Answer 7

small muscle in medial eyebrow
draws eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles above nose
emotion: concern, skepticism

Question 8

orbicularis oculi

Answer 8

thin, flat, sphincter of eye, surrounds orbit
closes eye
action: winking, blinking, squinting

Question 9

levator palpebrae superioiris

Answer 9

is innervated by oculomotor nerve (CN III)

(all other muscles are innervated by facial nerve CN VIII)

runs from posterior orbit to superior eyelid’
elevates superior eyelid to open eye

-surprise, curiosity

Question 10

procerus

Answer 10

between eyebrows
depresses medual eyebrow, wrinkles skin over nose
-dislike

Question 11

nasalis

Answer 11

over cartilage of nose
conpresses bridge and depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
-flared nostrils

Question 12

buccinator

Answer 12

thin horizontal muscle in cheel,
compresses cheek,
whistling, sucking

Question 13

depressor anguli oris

Answer 13

runs from angle of mouth to lateral chin
draws corner to mouth inferiorly and laterally
-frown

Question 14

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 14

runs from lateral chin to lower lip
depresses lower lip
-frown

Question 15

levator anguli oris

Answer 15

runs from medial cheel to angle of lips
widens mouth, elevates corners,
smiling

Question 16

levator labii superioris

Answer 16

runs from inferior orbit to lateral upper lip
elevates and furrows the upper lip
sadness

Question 17

levator labii superioris alequae

Answer 17

runs alongside nose to medial upper lip, lateral to midline
elevates upper lip, dilates nostrils
-snarl

Question 18

zygomaticus minor

Answer 18

aygomatic arch to lateral upper lip
raises corner of nouth/lateral upper lip
smile

Question 19

zygomaticus minor

Answer 19

zygomatic arch to lateral upper lip
raises corner of mouth/lateral upper lip
smile

Question 20

orbicularis oris

Answer 20

thin muscle surrounding entrance to oral cavity

closes lips/mouth
purses and protrudes lips
-kissing, whistling

Question 21

risorius

Answer 21

runs horizontally and laterally from angle of mouth

draws corner of lip laterally and down, tenses lips
-frustration, sadness

Question 22

mentalis

Answer 22

anterior chin to lower lip
elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
pouting

Question 23

platysma

Answer 23

think muscle within skin of neck that runs from clavicular region to lower mandible and mouth

tenses skin of inferior face and neck, depresses jaw

pops out when reaching for something

Question 24

muscles of the neck.

Answer 24

1. sternocleidomastoid
2. scalene muscles
3. syprahyoid muscles
4. infrahyoid muscles

Question 25

a. Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 25

muscle of neck, pops out to side

i. Bilateral: flex neck
ii. Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the opposite side
iii. Innervated by accessory nerve

Question 26

b. Scalene muscles

Answer 26

muscle of neck

i. Flex neck, elevate rib 1 and 2 during forced inhalation

Question 27

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 27

muscles of neck 
Elevate hyoid during swallowing and speaking 
i.	Digastric muscle
1.	Two bellies - anterior and posterior  
ii.	Mylohyoid 
iii.	Geniohyoid 
iv.	Stylohyoid 
1.	Originates at styloid process

Question 28

d. Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 28

(below hyoid): depress hyoid during swallowing and speaking

i. Omohyoid
1. Two bellies - superior and inferior
ii. Sternohyoid
1. Originates at sternum
iii. Thyrohyoid
1. Originates at thyroid cartilage
iv. Sternothyroid
1. Origin: sternum (manubrium) Insertion: thyroid cartilage

Question 29

6. Define the triangles of the neck and list the contents of each triangle.

Answer 29

a. Anterior triangle (anterior to SCM)
i. Submental triangle
ii. Submandibular triangle
iii. Carotid triangle
iv. Muscular triangle
ii. Occipital triangle
iii. Supraclavicular triangle - inferior

posterior triangle

1. occipital triangle
2. supraclavicular triangle

Question 30

submental triangle

Answer 30

part of anterior triangle of neck

• unpaired, under chin
• mylohyoid, lymph nodes

Question 31

submandibular triangle

Answer 31

part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
under mandible
submandibular glands (salivary gland, facial artery and vein

Question 32

carotid triangle

Answer 32

part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
common carotid artery, internal jugular, hypoglossal and vagus nerves

Question 33

muscular triangle

Answer 33

part of anterior triangle of neck
paired
front of neck
infrahyoid muscles, pharynx, thyroid, parathyroid

Question 34

posterior triangle of neck

Answer 34

little triangles separated by inferior omohyoid

1. occipital triangle- superior
2. supraclavicular triangle- inferior