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muscles- upper and lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

trapezius

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

O: occipital bone, cervical and thoracic spinous process
i: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
A: elevate, superiorly rotate, retract and depress scapula
N: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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2
Q

Deltoid

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: acromial end of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex and medially rotate GH joint, abduct GH joint, extend and laterally rotate GH joint
Innervation: axillary nerve
Vasculature: posterior circumflex humeral artery

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3
Q

teres major

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate GH joint
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Vasculature: circumflex scapular artery

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4
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: lower thoracic spinous process, lower ribs, iliac crest
insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate GH joint
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Vasculature: thoracodorsal artery

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5
Q

supraspinatous

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abducts GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Vasculature: suprascapular artery
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6
Q

Teres minor

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: superior lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: adducts, laterally rotates GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: axilary nerve
Vasculature: circumflex scapular artery

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7
Q

Subscapularis

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action:medially rotates GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves
Vasculature: subscapular artery

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8
Q

Infraspinatous

A 
rotator cuff muscles of pectoral girdle
Origin: infraspinous foosa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: adducts, laterally rotates GH joint, stabilizes GH joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Vasculature: suprascapular artery
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9
Q

Serratus anterior

A

anterior muscle of pectoral girdle
Origin: Ribs 1-8
insertion: anterior medial border of scapula
Action: protracts and superiorly rotates scapula, stabilizes scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Vasculature: lateral thoracic artery, thoracodorsal artery

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10
Q

Pectoralis major

A

anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle

Origin: medial clavicle, superior ribs, body of sternum,
insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: shoulder flexion, adduction and medial rotation of GH joint
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Vasculature: Thoracoacromial trunk (pectoral branch)

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11
Q

Subclavius

A

anterior muscles of pectoral girdle

Origin: Rib 1
insertion: inferior surface of clavicle
Action: stabilize and depression of clavicle
Innervation: nerves to subclavius
Vasculature: thoracoacromial trunk (clavicualar branch)

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12
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

anterior muscles of pectoral girdle
Origin: Ribs 3-5
insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: protraction and depression of scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Vasculature: thoracoacromial trunk (pectoral branch)

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13
Q

levator scapulae

A

posterior muscles of the arm and pectoral girdle

Origin: upper cervical transverse processes
insertion: superior medial border of scapula
Action:elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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14
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Posterior muscles of the arm and pectoral girdle
Origin: spinous process C7-T1
insertion: superior medial border of scapula
Action:elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation:dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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15
Q

Rhomboid Major

A 
posterior muscle of the pectoral girdle
Origin: spinous process T2-T5
insertion:  medial border of scapula 
Action: elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery
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16
Q

Triceps brachii

A

posterior muscles of arm
Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion: olecrenon process of ulna
Action: elbow extension, GH extension, GH adduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: deep brachial artery

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17
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

anterior muscle of arm
Origin: long hear- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head- coracoid process of scapula
insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Action: elbow flexion, supination, GH flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature:brahcial artery

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm
Origin: coracoid process
insertion: middle medual shaft of humerus
Action: GH flexion, GH adduction
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature: brachial artery
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19
Q

Brachialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm
Origin: distal humerus
insertion: proximal ulna
Action: elbow flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature: radial (recurrent artery)
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20
Q

Brachioradialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm and superficial muscles of the forearm
Origin: lateral distal humerus
insertion: styloid process of radius 
Action: elbow flexion
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: radial (recurrent) artery
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21
Q

extensor carpi radialis longis

A 
superficial posterior muslces of forearm
Origin: (italic) lateral distal humerus
insertion: (Italic) base of 2nd metacarpal 
Action: wrist extension, hand abduction
Innervation: raidal nerve
Vasculature: radial artery
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22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A 
superficial posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) base of 3rd metacarpal 
Action: wrist extension, hand abduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: Radial artery
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23
Q

Extensor Digiti minimi

A

superficial posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) proximal phalanx finger 5
Action: wrist extension, MP, PIP extension (digit 5)
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: posterior intersosseus artery (italic)

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24
Q

extensor digitorium

A

superficial posterior muscles of forearm
extensor digitorium
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) distal and middle phalanges digits 2-5
Action: wrist extension, MO, PIP DIP extension (digits 2-5)
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: posterior interosseous artery

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25
Extensor carpi ulnaris
``` superficial posterior muscles of forearm Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: (italic) base of 5th metacarpal Action: wrist extenssion, hand adduction Innervation: radial nerve Vasculature: ulnar nerve ```
26
abductor pollicis longus
deep posterior muscles of forearm Origin: (italic) proximal radius and ulna insertion: (italic) lateral 1st metacarpal Action: Abduction of the thumb Innervation: radial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery
27
Extensor pollicis brevis
deep posterior muscles of the forearm Origin: (italic) posterior radius insertion: (italic) proximal phalanx of thumb Action: extend MP of thumb Innervation: radial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery
28
supinator
deep posterior muscles of the forearm Origin: (italic) lateral epicondyle of humerus and proxmial ulna insertion: (italic) anterolateral radius action: supination Innervation: radial nerve Vasculature: (italic) radial (recurrent) artery
29
Extensor indicis
deep posterior muscle of the forearm Origin: (italic) posterior ulna insertion: (italic) extensor digitorum tendon 2nd digit Action: extension of MP, PIP, DIP (digit 2) Innervation: radial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery
30
pronator teres
``` supinator anterior muscles of forearm Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: lateral radius Action: pronation Innervation: median nerve Vasculature: (italic) ulnar and radial arteries ```
31
flexor carpi radialis
superficial anterior muscles of the forearm Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Action: wrist flexion, abduction of hand Innervation: median nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery
32
palmaris longus
``` superficial anterior muscles of forearm Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: palmar aponeurosis Action: wrist flexion Innervation: median nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery ```
33
flexor carpi ulnaris
``` superficial anterior muscles of forearm Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: medial carpal and metacarpal bones Action: wrist flexion, adduction of hand Innervation: ulnar nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery ```
34
Flexor digitorium superficialis
intermediate anterior muscles of forearm Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Action: wrist flexion, MO, PIP flexion (digits 2-5) Innervation: median nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery
35
Flexor pollicis longus
deep anterior muscles of forearm Origin: (italic) anterior shaft of radius insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Action: MP, IP flexion of thumb Innervation: medial nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior interosseous artery
36
pronator quadratus
``` deep anterior muscles of forearm Origin: (italic) distal ulna insertion: (italic) distal radius Action: pronation Innervation: median nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior interosseeous artery ```
37
flexor digitorum profundus
deep anterior muscles of forearm Origin: (italic) anteromedial ulna insertion: distal phalanges digits 2-5 Action: wrist flexion, MP, PIP, DIP flexion (digits 2-5) Innervation: lateral 1/2 medial nerve, medial 1/2 ulnar nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior intersseous artery
38
Flexor pollicis brevis
thenar group Action: flexion of thumb Innervation: median nerve
39
abductor pollicis brevis
thenar group Action: abduction of thumb Innervation:
40
opponens pollicis
thenar group Action: opposition of thumb Innervation: median nerve
41
flexor digiti minimi
hypothenar group Action: flexion of digit 5 (pinki) Innervation: ulnar nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery
42
opponens digiti minimi
hypothenar group Action: opposition digit 5 Innervation: ulnar nerve Vasculature: ulnar artery
43
lumbricals
midpalmar group Action: MP flexion (digits 2-5), PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5) Innervation: lateral 2-median nerve, medial 2- ulnar nerve
44
dorsal interossei
midpalmar group Action: abduction (digits 2-5), MP flexion, PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5) Innervation: ulnar nerve
45
palmar interossei
midpalmar group Action: adduction (digits 2-5), MP flexion, PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5) Innervation: ulnar nerve
46
extensor indicis
deep posterior muscles of the forearm/hand Action: extension of MP, PIP, DIP (digit 2) Innervation: radial nerve
47
extensor pollicis longus
deep posterior muscles of forearm/hand Action: extned MP, IP of the thumb Innervation: radial nerve
48
Tensor fasciae latae
lateral thigh muscle (not a gluteal muscle) insertion: iliotibial tract (IT band) Action: hip fexion, abduction Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
49
gluteus minimus
``` gluteal muscle insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: hip abduction, medial rotation Innervation: superior gluteal nerve Vasculature: superior gluteal ```
50
gluteus medius
gluteal muscle insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: hip abduction, medial rotation Innervation: superior gluteal merve Vasculature: superior gluteal
51
gluteus maximus
gluteal muscles insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, IT (iliotibial) band Action: hip extension, abduction, lateral rotation Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve Vasculature: superior and inferior gluteal
52
lateral hip rotators
``` piriformis superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus obturator externus quadratus femoris ```
53
semitendinosous
posterior thigh muscles Origin: ischial tuberosity insertion: oes anserine insertion Action: hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve
54
semimembranosus
posterior thigh muscle Origin: ischial tuberosity Action: hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve
55
biceps femoris
posterior thigh muscle Origin: long- ischial tuberosity, short- linea aspera insertion: fibular head Action: long- hip extension, Short-knee flexion, knee lateral rotation Innervation: long- tibial division of sciatic nerve, Short- common fibular division of sciatic nerve
56
tensor fasciae latae
anterior/lateral thigh muscle insertion: iliotibial tract (IT band) Action: hip flexion, abduction Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
57
psoas major
anterior/lateral thigh muscles origin:(italic) lumbar transverse process insertion: lesser trochanter, merging with iliacus to form iliopsoas Action: hip flexion Innervation: femoral nerve
58
iliacus
``` anterior/lateral thigh muscles Origin: (italic) iliac fossa insertion: lesser trochanter, merging with psoas major to form iliopsoas Action: hip flexion Innervation: femoral nerve ```
59
sartorius
anterior/lateral thigh muscles Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) insertion: pes anserine insertion Action: Hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: femoral nerve
60
vastus intermedius
``` anterior thigh muscle Origin: (italic) anterolateral femur insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar lligament to tibial tuberosity Action: knee extension Innervation: femoral nerve Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery ```
61
rectus femoris
``` anterior thigh muscles Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: hip flexion, knee extension Innervation: femoral nerve Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery ```
62
vastus medialis
``` anterior thigh muscle Origin: linea aspera insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: hip flexion, knee extension Innervation: femoral nerve Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery ```
63
vastus lateralis
anterior thigh muscles Origin: linea aspera, greater trochanter insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: knee extension Innervation: femoral nerve
64
adductor brevis
``` medial thigh muscles Origin: inferior ramus of pubis insertion: linea aspera of femur Action: hip adduction, hip flexion Innervation: obturator nerve Vasculature: (italic) obturator ```
65
pectineus
``` medial thigh muscle Origin: pectineal line of pubis insertion: pectineal line of femur Action: hip adduction, hip flexion Innervation: obturator, femoral nerve Vasculature: (italic) obturator ```
66
adductor longus
``` medial thigh muscles Origin: pubic tubercle insertion: linea aspera of femur Action: hip adduction, hip flexion Innervation: obturator nerve Vasculature: ```
67
adductor magnus
Origin: adductor part- inferior pubic ramus, hamstring part-ischial tuberosity insertion: adductor part-adductor tubercle, hamstring part-linea aspera Action: adductor part- hip adduction, hamstring part-hip flexion, hip extension Innervation: adductor part- obturator nerve, hamstring part- tibial division of sciatic nerve Vasculature: (italic) obturator nerve
68
gracilis
medial thigh muscles Origin: inferior ramus of pubis insertion: pes anserine insertion Action: hip adduction, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: obturator nerve Vasculature: (italic) medial circumflex femoral obturator
69
fibularis longus
lateral leg compartment muscles Origin: (italic) superior fibula, lateral tibial condyle insertion: (italic) base od 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform Action: foot eversion, plantar flexion Innervation: superificial fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) fibular
70
fibularis brevis
``` leg: lateral compartment muscles Origin: (italic) mid-lateral fibula insertion: base of 5th metatarsal Action: foot eversion, plantar flexion Innervation: superficial fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) fibular ```
71
tibialis anterior
leg: anterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) lateral condyle of proximal tibia insertion: (italic) 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform Action: ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial)
72
extensor digitorum longus
leg: anterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) lateral tibial condyle, anterior fibula, interosseous membrane insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 2-5 toes Action: extends 2-5 toes, ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion, Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial
73
fibularis tertius
leg: anterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) anterior distal fibula insertion: (italic) base of 5th metatarsal Action: ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial
74
extensor hallucis longus
leg: anterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) anterior fibula insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 1st toe Action: extends 1st toe, ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: (anterior tibial)
75
plantaris
leg: superficial posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) lateral supracondylar ridge of femur insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial
76
soleus
leg: suberficial posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) head and proximal shaft of fibula, medial tibial border insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: ankle plantarflexion Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial
77
gastrocnemis
leg: superficial posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) posterior surfaces of femoral epicondyles insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posteriro tibial
78
popliteus
leg: deep posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) lateral condyle of femur insertion: (italic) posterior, proximal tibia Action: medially rotates tibia to unlock knee, knee flexion Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular
79
tibialis posterior
leg: deep posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) fibula, tibia insertion: (italic) metatasrsals, distal tarsals Action: ankle plantarflexion, foot inversion Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular
80
flexor digitorum longus
leg: deep posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) posteromedial tibia insertion: (italic) distal phalanges of toes 2-5 Action: ankle plantarflexion, toe flexion 205 Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular
81
flexor hallucis longus
leg: deep posterior compartment muscles Origin: (italic) posterior inferior fibula insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 1st toe Action: ankle plantarflexion, toe flexion 1 Innervation: tibial nerve Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular
82
extensor hallucis brevis
dorsal surface of foot Action: extends MP joint of 1st toe Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: (italic) dorsalis pedis
83
extensor digitorum brevis
dorsal surface of foot Action: extends all joints of toes 2-4 Innervation: deep fibular nerve Vasculature: dorsalis pedis
84
abductor hallucis
plantar surface of foot- 1st layer Action: abducts 1st toe Innervation: medial plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) medial plantar
85
flexor digitorum brevis
plantar suface of foot- 1st layer Action: flexes MP and PIP joints of toes 2-5 Innervation: medial plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) medial plantar
86
abductor digiti minimi
plantar surface of foot- 1st layer Action: abducts 5th toe Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
87
lumbricals
plantar sufrace of foot- 2nd layer : Action: flexes MP joints and extends PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5 Innervation: 1st- medial plantar, 2-4- lateral plantar Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
88
quadratus plantae
plantar surface of foot- 2nd layer Action: aligns flexor ditorum longus tendons to flex toes 2-5 Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
89
adductor hallucis
plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer Action: adducts toe 1 Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
90
flexor hallucis brevis
plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer Action: adducts toe 1 Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
91
flexor digiti minimi brevis
plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer Action: flexes MP joint of toe 5 Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
92
plantar interossei
plantar surface of foot- 4th layer Action: adducts toes Innervation: lateral plantar nerve vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar
93
dorsal interossei
plantar surface of foot- 4th layer Action: abducts toes Innervation: lateral plantar nerve Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

anatomy (7 decks)

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