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anatomy > muscles- upper and lower extremity > Flashcards

muscles- upper and lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

trapezius

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

O: occipital bone, cervical and thoracic spinous process
i: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
A: elevate, superiorly rotate, retract and depress scapula
N: accessory nerve (CN XI)
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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2
Q

Deltoid

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: acromial end of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex and medially rotate GH joint, abduct GH joint, extend and laterally rotate GH joint
Innervation: axillary nerve
Vasculature: posterior circumflex humeral artery

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3
Q

teres major

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate GH joint
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Vasculature: circumflex scapular artery

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4
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

posterior muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: lower thoracic spinous process, lower ribs, iliac crest
insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate GH joint
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Vasculature: thoracodorsal artery

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5
Q

supraspinatous

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abducts GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Vasculature: suprascapular artery
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6
Q

Teres minor

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: superior lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: adducts, laterally rotates GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: axilary nerve
Vasculature: circumflex scapular artery

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7
Q

Subscapularis

A

rotator cuff muscle of pectoral girdle

Origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action:medially rotates GH joint, stabilize GH joint
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves
Vasculature: subscapular artery

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8
Q

Infraspinatous

A 
rotator cuff muscles of pectoral girdle
Origin: infraspinous foosa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: adducts, laterally rotates GH joint, stabilizes GH joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Vasculature: suprascapular artery
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9
Q

Serratus anterior

A

anterior muscle of pectoral girdle
Origin: Ribs 1-8
insertion: anterior medial border of scapula
Action: protracts and superiorly rotates scapula, stabilizes scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Vasculature: lateral thoracic artery, thoracodorsal artery

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10
Q

Pectoralis major

A

anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle

Origin: medial clavicle, superior ribs, body of sternum,
insertion: intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: shoulder flexion, adduction and medial rotation of GH joint
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Vasculature: Thoracoacromial trunk (pectoral branch)

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11
Q

Subclavius

A

anterior muscles of pectoral girdle

Origin: Rib 1
insertion: inferior surface of clavicle
Action: stabilize and depression of clavicle
Innervation: nerves to subclavius
Vasculature: thoracoacromial trunk (clavicualar branch)

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12
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

anterior muscles of pectoral girdle
Origin: Ribs 3-5
insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: protraction and depression of scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Vasculature: thoracoacromial trunk (pectoral branch)

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13
Q

levator scapulae

A

posterior muscles of the arm and pectoral girdle

Origin: upper cervical transverse processes
insertion: superior medial border of scapula
Action:elevates and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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14
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Posterior muscles of the arm and pectoral girdle
Origin: spinous process C7-T1
insertion: superior medial border of scapula
Action:elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation:dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery

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15
Q

Rhomboid Major

A 
posterior muscle of the pectoral girdle
Origin: spinous process T2-T5
insertion:  medial border of scapula 
Action: elevates, retracts and inferiorly rotates scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
Vasculature: dorsal scapular artery
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16
Q

Triceps brachii

A

posterior muscles of arm
Origin: long head- infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion: olecrenon process of ulna
Action: elbow extension, GH extension, GH adduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: deep brachial artery

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17
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

anterior muscle of arm
Origin: long hear- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head- coracoid process of scapula
insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
Action: elbow flexion, supination, GH flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature:brahcial artery

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18
Q

Coracobrachialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm
Origin: coracoid process
insertion: middle medual shaft of humerus
Action: GH flexion, GH adduction
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature: brachial artery
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19
Q

Brachialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm
Origin: distal humerus
insertion: proximal ulna
Action: elbow flexion
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Vasculature: radial (recurrent artery)
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20
Q

Brachioradialis

A 
anterior muscles of arm and superficial muscles of the forearm
Origin: lateral distal humerus
insertion: styloid process of radius 
Action: elbow flexion
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: radial (recurrent) artery
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21
Q

extensor carpi radialis longis

A 
superficial posterior muslces of forearm
Origin: (italic) lateral distal humerus
insertion: (Italic) base of 2nd metacarpal 
Action: wrist extension, hand abduction
Innervation: raidal nerve
Vasculature: radial artery
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22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A 
superficial posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) base of 3rd metacarpal 
Action: wrist extension, hand abduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: Radial artery
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23
Q

Extensor Digiti minimi

A

superficial posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) proximal phalanx finger 5
Action: wrist extension, MP, PIP extension (digit 5)
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: posterior intersosseus artery (italic)

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24
Q

extensor digitorium

A

superficial posterior muscles of forearm
extensor digitorium
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) distal and middle phalanges digits 2-5
Action: wrist extension, MO, PIP DIP extension (digits 2-5)
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: posterior interosseous artery

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25
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A 
superficial posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: (italic) base of 5th metacarpal 
Action: wrist extenssion, hand adduction
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: ulnar nerve
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26
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

deep posterior muscles of forearm
Origin: (italic) proximal radius and ulna
insertion: (italic) lateral 1st metacarpal
Action: Abduction of the thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery

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27
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

deep posterior muscles of the forearm
Origin: (italic) posterior radius
insertion: (italic) proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: extend MP of thumb
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery

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28
Q

supinator

A

deep posterior muscles of the forearm
Origin: (italic) lateral epicondyle of humerus and proxmial ulna
insertion: (italic) anterolateral radius
action: supination
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) radial (recurrent) artery

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29
Q

Extensor indicis

A

deep posterior muscle of the forearm

Origin: (italic) posterior ulna
insertion: (italic) extensor digitorum tendon 2nd digit
Action: extension of MP, PIP, DIP (digit 2)
Innervation: radial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior interosseous artery

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30
Q

pronator teres

A 
supinator anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral radius
Action: pronation
Innervation: median nerve
Vasculature: (italic) ulnar and radial arteries
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31
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

superficial anterior muscles of the forearm
Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action: wrist flexion, abduction of hand
Innervation: median nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery

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32
Q

palmaris longus

A 
superficial anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar aponeurosis 
Action: wrist flexion
Innervation: median nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery
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33
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A 
superficial anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: medial carpal and metacarpal bones 
Action: wrist flexion, adduction of hand
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery
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34
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis

A

intermediate anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: wrist flexion, MO, PIP flexion (digits 2-5)
Innervation: median nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery

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35
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

deep anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: (italic) anterior shaft of radius
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
Action: MP, IP flexion of thumb
Innervation: medial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior interosseous artery

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36
Q

pronator quadratus

A 
deep anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: (italic) distal ulna
insertion:  (italic) distal radius
Action: pronation
Innervation: median nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior interosseeous artery
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37
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

deep anterior muscles of forearm
Origin: (italic) anteromedial ulna
insertion: distal phalanges digits 2-5
Action: wrist flexion, MP, PIP, DIP flexion (digits 2-5)
Innervation: lateral 1/2 medial nerve, medial 1/2 ulnar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior intersseous artery

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38
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

thenar group

Action: flexion of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

39
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

thenar group
Action: abduction of thumb
Innervation:

40
Q

opponens pollicis

A

thenar group
Action: opposition of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

41
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

hypothenar group

Action: flexion of digit 5 (pinki)
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery

42
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

hypothenar group

Action: opposition digit 5
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Vasculature: ulnar artery

43
Q

lumbricals

A

midpalmar group

Action: MP flexion (digits 2-5), PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5)
Innervation: lateral 2-median nerve, medial 2- ulnar nerve

44
Q

dorsal interossei

A

midpalmar group
Action: abduction (digits 2-5), MP flexion, PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5)
Innervation: ulnar nerve

45
Q

palmar interossei

A

midpalmar group
Action: adduction (digits 2-5), MP flexion, PIP, DIP extension (digits 2-5)
Innervation: ulnar nerve

46
Q

extensor indicis

A

deep posterior muscles of the forearm/hand

Action: extension of MP, PIP, DIP (digit 2)
Innervation: radial nerve

47
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

deep posterior muscles of forearm/hand

Action: extned MP, IP of the thumb
Innervation: radial nerve

48
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

lateral thigh muscle (not a gluteal muscle)

insertion: iliotibial tract (IT band)
Action: hip fexion, abduction
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

49
Q

gluteus minimus

A 
gluteal muscle
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip abduction, medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Vasculature: superior gluteal
50
Q

gluteus medius

A

gluteal muscle

insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: hip abduction, medial rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal merve
Vasculature: superior gluteal

51
Q

gluteus maximus

A

gluteal muscles

insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, IT (iliotibial) band
Action: hip extension, abduction, lateral rotation
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
Vasculature: superior and inferior gluteal

52
Q

lateral hip rotators

A 
piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator internus
inferior gemellus
obturator externus
quadratus femoris
53
Q

semitendinosous

A

posterior thigh muscles
Origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: oes anserine insertion
Action: hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

54
Q

semimembranosus

A

posterior thigh muscle
Origin: ischial tuberosity

Action: hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

55
Q

biceps femoris

A

posterior thigh muscle
Origin: long- ischial tuberosity, short- linea aspera
insertion: fibular head
Action: long- hip extension, Short-knee flexion, knee lateral rotation
Innervation: long- tibial division of sciatic nerve, Short- common fibular division of sciatic nerve

56
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

anterior/lateral thigh muscle
insertion: iliotibial tract (IT band)
Action: hip flexion, abduction
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

57
Q

psoas major

A

anterior/lateral thigh muscles
origin:(italic) lumbar transverse process
insertion: lesser trochanter, merging with iliacus to form iliopsoas
Action: hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve

58
Q

iliacus

A 
anterior/lateral thigh muscles
Origin: (italic) iliac fossa
insertion: lesser trochanter, merging with psoas major to form iliopsoas
Action: hip flexion
Innervation: femoral nerve
59
Q

sartorius

A

anterior/lateral thigh muscles
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
insertion: pes anserine insertion
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
Innervation: femoral nerve

60
Q

vastus intermedius

A 
anterior thigh muscle
Origin: (italic) anterolateral femur
insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar lligament to tibial tuberosity 
Action: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve
Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery
61
Q

rectus femoris

A 
anterior thigh muscles
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine 
insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity 
Action: hip flexion, knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve
Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery
62
Q

vastus medialis

A 
anterior thigh muscle
Origin: linea aspera
insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: hip flexion, knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve
Vasculature: (italic) femoral artery
63
Q

vastus lateralis

A

anterior thigh muscles

Origin: linea aspera, greater trochanter
insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

64
Q

adductor brevis

A 
medial thigh muscles
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: linea aspera of femur 
Action: hip adduction, hip flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve
Vasculature: (italic) obturator
65
Q

pectineus

A 
medial thigh muscle
Origin: pectineal line of pubis
insertion: pectineal line of femur 
Action: hip adduction, hip flexion
Innervation: obturator, femoral nerve
Vasculature: (italic) obturator
66
Q

adductor longus

A 
medial thigh muscles
Origin: pubic tubercle
insertion: linea aspera of femur
Action: hip adduction, hip flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve
Vasculature:
67
Q

adductor magnus

A

Origin: adductor part- inferior pubic ramus, hamstring part-ischial tuberosity
insertion: adductor part-adductor tubercle, hamstring part-linea aspera
Action: adductor part- hip adduction, hamstring part-hip flexion, hip extension
Innervation: adductor part- obturator nerve, hamstring part- tibial division of sciatic nerve
Vasculature: (italic) obturator nerve

68
Q

gracilis

A

medial thigh muscles
Origin: inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: pes anserine insertion
Action: hip adduction, knee flexion, knee medial rotation
Innervation: obturator nerve
Vasculature: (italic) medial circumflex femoral obturator

69
Q

fibularis longus

A

lateral leg compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) superior fibula, lateral tibial condyle
insertion: (italic) base od 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Action: foot eversion, plantar flexion
Innervation: superificial fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) fibular

70
Q

fibularis brevis

A 
leg: lateral compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) mid-lateral fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsal 
Action: foot eversion, plantar flexion
Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) fibular
71
Q

tibialis anterior

A

leg: anterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) lateral condyle of proximal tibia
insertion: (italic) 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Action: ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial)

72
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

leg: anterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) lateral tibial condyle, anterior fibula, interosseous membrane
insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 2-5 toes
Action: extends 2-5 toes, ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion,
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial

73
Q

fibularis tertius

A

leg: anterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) anterior distal fibula
insertion: (italic) base of 5th metatarsal
Action: ankle dorsiflexion, foot eversion
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) anterior tibial

74
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

leg: anterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) anterior fibula
insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 1st toe
Action: extends 1st toe, ankle dorsiflexion, foot inversion
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: (anterior tibial)

75
Q

plantaris

A

leg: superficial posterior compartment muscles

Origin: (italic) lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon
Action: ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial

76
Q

soleus

A

leg: suberficial posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) head and proximal shaft of fibula, medial tibial border
insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon
Action: ankle plantarflexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial

77
Q

gastrocnemis

A

leg: superficial posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) posterior surfaces of femoral epicondyles
insertion: calcaneus via achilles tendon
Action: ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posteriro tibial

78
Q

popliteus

A

leg: deep posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) lateral condyle of femur
insertion: (italic) posterior, proximal tibia
Action: medially rotates tibia to unlock knee, knee flexion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular

79
Q

tibialis posterior

A

leg: deep posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) fibula, tibia
insertion: (italic) metatasrsals, distal tarsals
Action: ankle plantarflexion, foot inversion
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular

80
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

leg: deep posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) posteromedial tibia
insertion: (italic) distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: ankle plantarflexion, toe flexion 205
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular

81
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

leg: deep posterior compartment muscles
Origin: (italic) posterior inferior fibula
insertion: (italic) distal phalanx of 1st toe
Action: ankle plantarflexion, toe flexion 1
Innervation: tibial nerve
Vasculature: (italic) posterior tibial, fibular

82
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

dorsal surface of foot

Action: extends MP joint of 1st toe
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: (italic) dorsalis pedis

83
Q

extensor digitorum brevis

A

dorsal surface of foot

Action: extends all joints of toes 2-4
Innervation: deep fibular nerve
Vasculature: dorsalis pedis

84
Q

abductor hallucis

A

plantar surface of foot- 1st layer

Action: abducts 1st toe
Innervation: medial plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) medial plantar

85
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

plantar suface of foot- 1st layer

Action: flexes MP and PIP joints of toes 2-5
Innervation: medial plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) medial plantar

86
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

plantar surface of foot- 1st layer

Action: abducts 5th toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

87
Q

lumbricals

A

plantar sufrace of foot- 2nd layer
:
Action: flexes MP joints and extends PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5
Innervation: 1st- medial plantar, 2-4- lateral plantar
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

88
Q

quadratus plantae

A

plantar surface of foot- 2nd layer
Action: aligns flexor ditorum longus tendons to flex toes 2-5
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

89
Q

adductor hallucis

A

plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer

Action: adducts toe 1
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

90
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer
Action: adducts toe 1
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

91
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

plantar surface of foot- 3rd layer

Action: flexes MP joint of toe 5
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

92
Q

plantar interossei

A

plantar surface of foot- 4th layer

Action: adducts toes
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

93
Q

dorsal interossei

A

plantar surface of foot- 4th layer

Action: abducts toes
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Vasculature: (italic) lateral plantar

anatomy (7 decks)

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