Skull

Question 1

What are the paired cranial bones?

Answer 1

Parietal and temporal

Question 2

What are the unpaired cranial bones?

Answer 2

Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
ethmoid

Question 3

What are the paired facial bones?

Answer 3

Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Palatine
Maxillae
Inferior nasal conchae

Question 4

What are the unpaired facial bones?

Answer 4

Vomer

Mandible

Question 5

Clinical significance of Pterion:

Answer 5

Pterion is where the frontal, parietal and sphenoid bones meet
Meningeal artery runs just deep to this landmark. Blunt trauma to this area can damage the meningeal artery = bleeding

Question 6

What is the metopic suture?

Answer 6

Suture that divides both sides of the frontal bone in individuals with paired frontal bones

Question 7

Significance of the frontal crest:

Answer 7

Attachment site for Faix Cerebri - protective connective tissue for the brain

Question 8

Clinical note: Bone flaps

Answer 8

• Bone is not vascularized that deep so during surgery, you can keep the muscle overlying the bone to keep it vascularized
• Bone is wired or plated while healing. Heals best when flap incorporates the overlaying tissues (skin, muscle, fascia)

Question 9

What are the sutures of the skull, and what do they connect?

Answer 9

Coronal (frontal and parietal)
Sagittal (both parietal bones)
Lamboid (parietal and occipital bones)
Squamous (temporal and parietal bones)

Question 10

Significance of the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

Passageway for brainstem and numerous arteries and nerves

Question 11

Significance of the superior nuchal line?

Answer 11

Attachment for muscles of the back and neck

Question 12

Articulation of the occipital condyles

Answer 12

When nodding, occipital condyles articulate with the cervical vertebrae

Question 13

Significance of the Sella Turcica:

Answer 13

Turkish saddle. Pituitary gland sits in this cranial depression on the sphenoid bone

Question 14

Foramen Rotundum:

Answer 14

Exit point for maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (v2)

Question 15

Foramen spinosum:

Answer 15

Exit point for middle meningeal artery

Question 16

Significance of the superior orbital fissure:

Answer 16

Important exit point for nerves and structures going to the eye

Question 17

Functions of the sphenoid bone:

Answer 17

Unites the cranial and facial bones
Articulates with almost every bone in the skull
Contains the sphenoid sinuses

Question 18

Significance of these parts of the ethmoid bone: 
Crista Galli
Orbital plate
Perpendicular plate
Ethmoidal labyrinth

Answer 18

• Attachment for falx cerebri
• forms medial wall of the orbit
• superior portion of the nasal septum
• contains the superior nasal and middle nasal conchae

Question 19

What are the nasal conchae?

Answer 19

Bony elements that form the ethmoidal labyrinth. Superior and middle are part of the ethmoid bone while inferior is a separate bone

Question 20

Significance of the cribiform plate:

Answer 20

Olfactory nerve exits here along lateral borders of the cribiform plate

Question 21

Significance of the cribiform foramina (holes in the cribiform plate):

Answer 21

Passageway for olfactory nerve branches

Question 22

Functions of the facial bones:

Answer 22

Provide shape, contour and individuality to the face
Important structural component of the orbit and nasal cavities
Anchor site for teeth of the upper and lower jaw

Question 23

What makes up the zygomatic arch?

Answer 23

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Question 24

Significance of the Lacrimal groove formed by the lacrimal bone?

Answer 24

Forms the passageway of the nasolacromal duct

Question 25

Which pair of bones make up the bridge of the nose?

Answer 25

Both pairs of nasal bones

Question 26

The ala of the vomer articulates with ? | The vertical of the vomer forms the ?

Answer 26

- ala: sphenoid bone | - vertical plate; inferior portion of the nasal septum

Question 27

The orbital process of the palatine bone forms the …. The perpendicular plate forms the …. The horizontal plate forms the ….

Answer 27

- part of the medial floor of orbit - lateral wall of the nasal cavity - posterior portion of the hard palate

Question 28

Cleft lip and cleft palate is caused by…

Answer 28

Failure of fusion of the palatine bones. Opening can be anterior (cleft lip) or posterior (cleft palate). Causes problems when speaking or swallowing

Question 29

``` Functions of… Palatine process Incisive foramen Alveolar process Maxillary sinus ```

Answer 29

- posterior portion of hard palate - separates hard palate from anterior nasal spine - hold teeth of the upper jaw - largest paranasal sinus in the skull

Question 30

Maxillary fractures: Le Fort I Le Fort II Le Fort III

Answer 30

- floor of the maxilla. Maxilla is the only one fractured - fracture through the zygomatic-maxillary suture and the medial wall of the orbit - fracture through the zygomatic bone and more of the orbit

Question 31

Mandible articulates with the () of the temporal bone

Answer 31

Mandibular fossa

Question 32

What make up the medial wall of the orbit?

Answer 32

Frontal process of the maxilla Lacrimal bone Lateral mass of the ethmoid bone

Question 33

What make up the lateral wall of the orbit?

Answer 33

Zygomatic process of the frontal bone Greater wing of sphenoid bone Orbital surface of the zygomatic bone

Question 34

What make up the roof of the orbit?

Answer 34

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone | Frontal bone

Question 35

What make up the floor of the orbit?

Answer 35

Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone Orbital surface of maxilla Zygomatic bone

Question 36

What other bones/features make up the orbit?

Answer 36

Optic foramen Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure

Question 37

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

Answer 37

Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary