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(OMS1) Neuro Exam 1 > Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hard palate?

Where is the soft palate?

A

Formed by the palatine bones and the maxilla. Anterior 2/3 is hard and posterior 1/3 is soft and muscular

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2
Q

Uvula

A

Extends from the posterior part of the soft palate and elevates to close off the opening of the nasopharynx when swallowing (so food doesn’t get in there)

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3
Q

Fauces are …

A

Opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
Anterior fold: Glossopalatine arch
Posterior fold: Pharyngopalatine arch

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4
Q

Tongue

A

Accessory organ formed by muscle and covered in keratinized squamous epithelium
Manipulates and mixes ingested materials during chewing and turns food into bolus

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5
Q

Features of the tongue

A

Inferior surface attaches to the floor of the oral cavity via the lingual frenulum (thin vertical mucous membrane)
Superior surface is covered by small projections (papillae)
Posterior surface contains the lingual tonsils

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6
Q

Tongue innervation:
Anterior 2/3
Posterior 1/3

A

Lingual N. and Chorda tympani

Glossopharyngeal N.

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7
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva which assists in initial activities of digestion
3 pairs of parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands

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8
Q

Lymph from theroot of the tonguedrains

A

bilaterally into thesuperior deep cervical lymph nodes.

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9
Q

Lymph from themedial part of the bodydrains

A

bilaterally and directly to theinferior deep cervical lymph nodes.

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10
Q

Lymph from the right and leftlateral parts of bodydrains

A

to the submandibularlymph nodes on the ipsilateral side.

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11
Q

Theapex and frenulumdrain

All lymph from the tongue ultimately drains

A

to thesubmental lymph nodes, the medial portion draining bilaterally.

to the deep cervical nodes

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12
Q

Parotid glands

A

Largest of the salivary glands
Located anterior and inferior to ear, partially over the masseter muscle
Saliva secreted through the parotid duct to the oral cavity > oral vestibule next to second upper molar

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13
Q

Submandibular glands:

A

Located inferior to body of the mandible and produce most of the saliva
Saliva is secreted through a duct from each gland to the papilla in the floor of the mouth lateral to the lingual frenulum of the tongue

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14
Q

Sublingual glands

A

Located inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa
Sublingual duct extends from each gland and into the inferior surface of the oral cavity behind the submandibular duct papilla

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15
Q

Features and functions of saiiva

A

99% water and slightly acidic. Contains antibodies and lysozymes which inhibit bacterial growth in oral cavity.
Dissolves food molecules to get to the taste receptors and moistens ingested food to form the bolus that is swallowed

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16
Q

Teeth

A

Responsible for ingestion and mastication
Crown is exposed, neck is constricted and roots are anchored in the jaw. Roots fit into the dental alveoli on the alveolar process of maxilla and mandible

17
Q

Joint of the teeth

A

Gomphosis joint. Formed by the roots, dental alveoli and periodontal ligament connecting to the alveolar process

18
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Appear between 6 - 30 months after birth (anterior teeth first then posterior)
Eventually replaced by 32 permanent teeth

19
Q

Wisdom teeth:

A

Final teeth to erupt in adulthood, aka 3rd molars. Jaw often lacks space to accommodate these molars so they grow at an angle or become impacted, and are unable to properly erupt

20
Q

What nerve should you target if you wanna anesthetize the inferior teeth/jaw?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (as in inferior alveolar block)

Inject laterally to the Pterygomandibular raphe

21
Q

What nerve should you target if you wanna anesthesize the anterior/superior (maxillary) portion of the teeth?

Incisors and Canines:
Premolars?
Molars?

A

(Infraorbital) Superior Alveolar Nerve block (which particular nerve depends on location of the teeth)

Anterior superior alveolar N.
Middle Superior Alveolar N.
Posterior Superior Alveolar N.

22
Q

Three phases of swallowing

A

Voluntary
Pharyngeal (involuntary)
Esophageal (involuntary)

23
Q

Identify the pharyngeal muscles:

A

Refer to your drawings

24
Q

Relationship of the buccinator M. and the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Align with each other (Buccinator is anterior to the SC muscle and both attach to the pterygomandibular raphe)

25
Q

In general, what do the constrictors do?

A

Push food down the throat, involuntary

26
Q

Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring

A

Composed of the palatine, pharyngeal and lingual tonsils

Drains to the deep cervical lymph nodes

27
Q

Action and innervation of the Tensor veli palatini:

A

Tenses soft palate and acts on the pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing the the middle ear
CN V, V3

28
Q

Action and innervation of Levator Veli palatini

A 
Elevates the tensed plate, acts on the pharyngotympanic tube 
CN X (via pharyngeal n.)
29
Q

*If the tensor and levator veli palatinis are paralyzed, what occurs?

A

Reflux of oral contents into the nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

30
Q

Voluntary phase of swallowing (phase 1):

A

Bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from mouth to oropharynx, mainly by movements of the tongue muscles and soft palate

31
Q

Phase 2 of swallowing:

A

Involuntary and rapid. Soft palate is elevated, seals nasopharynx from oropharynx and laryngeopharynx. Pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus. Suprahyoid and pharyngeal muscles contract and elevate the larynx in the process

32
Q

Phase 3 of swallowing:

A

Involuntary: Sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal muscles forces the bolus into the esophagus

33
Q

Pharyngeal plexus:

A

Provides sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngeopharynx from CN IX and X respectively.
Nasopharynx is innervated by CN v2

34
Q

Main motor control of the pharyngeal muscles is ….

A

CN X (except for stylopharyngeus, which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal n.). So upper gag reflex (cough reflex) is via IX while lower (gag reflex) is CN X.

35
Q 
Upper Deciduous teeth eruption times: 
Upper medial incisor
Upper lateral incisor
Upper canine
Upper 1st molar
Upper 2nd molar
A
  • 7-9 months
  • 9-11 months
  • 18-20 months
  • 14-16 months
  • 24-30 months
36
Q 
Lower Deciduous teeth eruption times: 
Lower medial incisor
Lower lateral incisor
Lower canine
Lower 1st molar
Lower 2nd molar
A
  • 6-8 months
  • 7-9 months
  • 16-18 months
  • 12-14 months
  • 20 - 22 months
37
Q 
Upper Permanent teeth eruption times: 
Upper medial incisor
Upper lateral incisor
Canine
1st premolar
2nd premolar
1st molar
2nd molar 
3rd molar
A
  • 7-8 years
  • 8-9 years
  • 11-12 years
  • 10-11 years
  • 10-12 years
  • 6-7 years
  • 12-13 years
  • 17-25 years
38
Q 
Lower Permanent teeth eruption times:
Lower Medial Incisor 
Lower Lateral Incisor 
Lower Canine
Lower 1st premolar
Lower 2nd premolar
Lower 1st molar
Lower 2nd molar
Lower 3rd molar
A 
6-7 years
7-8 years
9-10 years
10-12 years
11-12 years 
6-7 years
11-13 years
17-25 years

(OMS1) Neuro Exam 1 (18 decks)

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