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Anatomy - Review > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

0
Q

Unpaired cranial bones

A

Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

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1
Q

Paired part of the cranial bones

A

Parietal and temporal bones

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2
Q

Unpaired facial bones

A

Vomer and mandible bones

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3
Q

Six Paired facial bones

A

Palatine, lacrimal, maxilla, nasal, inferior nasal concha and zygomatic bones

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4
Q

Point and articulation of frontal, parietal, temporal and great wing of sphenoid is called

A

Pterion

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5
Q

Gaping wound: Galea aponeurotica = infection: ?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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6
Q

Epidural / Extradural hematoma result from laceration of what artery?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

Middle meningeal artery laceration usually results from what part of the skull?

A

Pterion

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8
Q

Skull fracture that may cause blood or CSF to escape from the ear. Results to hearing loss and facial nerve damage

A

Petrous portion of the Temporal bone - internal acoustic meatus. CN VII and CN VIII

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9
Q

Fracture of this skull fossa - results to anosmia, periorbital bruising/ raccoon eyes and CSF leakage from the nose and Rhinorrhea

A

Anterior Cranial Fossa fracture

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10
Q

Horizontal maxillae fracture that passes through the superior orbital fissures, ethmoid and nasal extending to greater wing of sphenoid; maxillae and zygomatic separated from cranium

A

Le Fort III

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11
Q

Horizontal maxillary fracture superior to the maxillary alveolar process

A

Le Fort I

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12
Q

Maxillary fracture that involves the posterolateral parts of maxillary sinus, central part of the face separated from cranium

A

Le Fort II

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13
Q

Layers of the SCALP:

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium/Periosteum
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14
Q

Layer of the scalp: allows free movement of the scalp proper

A

Loose connective tissue

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15
Q

Layer of the scalp: tendinous sheet covering the calvaria

A

Galea aponeurotica

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16
Q

Layer of the scalp: emissary veins are found

A

Loose connective tissue

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17
Q

Craniosynostosis: premature closure of sagittal suture; frontal and occipital expansion; long and narrow skull

A

Scaphocephaly

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18
Q

Craniosynostosis: premature closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures on one side of the skull

A

Plagiocephaly

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19
Q

Craniosynostosis: premature closure of Coronal suture, short, high skull, TOWER sKull

A

Oxycephaly/Acrocephaly

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20
Q

Three primary brain vesicles

A

Forebrain/Prosencephalon
Midbrain/Mesencephalon
Hindbrain/Rhombencephalon

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21
Q

At 5th week of development: Prosencephalon divides into?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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22
Q

At 5th week of development: Rhombencephalon divides into?

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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23
Q

Telencephalon=Cerebrum then Diencephalon= ?

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

Pond, Cerebellum = Metencephalon then Medulla = ?

A

Myelencephalon

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25
Q

Midbrain is from what primary and secondary derivative?

A

Mesencephalon - no division

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26
Q

Neural tube differentiates into the CNS, while Neural crest gives rise to cells that forms?

A

PNS and ANS; cranial, spinal and autonomic ganglia

27
Q

Neural tube defects is a defective closure of the neural tube at what week?

A

4th week - Folic acid/Folate reduces the incidence of NTD’s (400mg)

28
Q

Anatomical level: Cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, CN I and CN II

A

Supratentorial level

29
Q

Anatomical level: Spinal nerves and their peripheral branches

A

Peripheral level

30
Q

Anatomical level: CN III to CN XII

A

Infratentorial level

31
Q

Anatomical level: spinal cord

A

Spinal level

32
Q

Anatomical level: Cerebellum, Brainstem

A

Infratentorial level - brainstem is a collective term form for midbrain, pons and medulla oblingata

33
Q

Three protective membranes or meninges of the brain and spinal cord

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

34
Q

Layer of the Dura mater: dura mater proper, covering the brain and is continuous through the foramen magnum with the dura mater of the spinal cord

A

Meningeal Layer

35
Q

Layer of the dura mater: periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones

A

Endosteal layer

36
Q

Sickle-shaped fold of the dura mater that lies in the midline between two cerebral hemispheres.

A

Falx cerebri - narrow anterior end is attached to the frontal crest and crista galli

37
Q

Small, circular fold of Dura mater that forms the roof for the Sella turcica

A

Diaphragma Sella

38
Q

Small, sickle - shaped fold of Dura mater attached to the internal occipital crest and projects forward between the two cerebellar hemispheres

A

Falx cerebelli

39
Q

Cresent-shaped fold of Dura mater that roofs over the posterior cranial fossa

A

Tentorium cerebelli - covers the upper surface of the cerebellum and supports the Occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

Dura above the tentorium is innervated by what? Headache is referred to the forehead and face

A

Trigeminal nerve

41
Q

Cervical nerves innervates the dura below the tentorium. Headache is referred to the ___

A

Back of the head and neck

42
Q

Potential space that separates the dura from arachnoid mater

A

Subdural space

43
Q

Space that separates the pia mater with the arachnoid mater

A

Subarachnoid space - which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid/CSF

44
Q

Motor area;seat of mental activities = frontal lobe then somesthetic area = ____ lobe

A

Parietal lobe

45
Q

Hearing center: Temporal lobe = Occipital lobe: ?

A

Visual center

46
Q

Broadmann’s area: 4 refers to?

A

Primary motor area/ pre-central gyrus

47
Q

Broadmann’s area: 3, 1, 2 refers to ?

A

Primary somesthetic area/ post-central gyrus

48
Q

Primary visual area refers to what Broadmann’s classification?

A

Broadmann’s area 17

49
Q

Primary auditory area is also Broadmann’s?

A

Broadmann’s area 41, 42

50
Q

Broadmann’s area 44 and 45 refers to?

A

Broca’s area - inferior frontal area

51
Q

Lesion on Broadmann’s area 44, and 45 results to?

A

Motor aphasia - Broca’s area

52
Q

Broadmann’s area: 22 refers to ?

A

Wernicke’s area - result to sensory aphasia (superior temporal gyrus)

53
Q

It refer to the primary auditory cortex

A

Heschl’s gyrus

54
Q

Pyramidal system provides voluntary control of skeletal muscles. It is consists of?

A

Corticobulbar
Lateral corticospinal
Anterior corticospinal

55
Q

The pyramidal decussation of the Corticospinal tract is?

A

Lower medulla

56
Q

Patient experienced flaccid paralysis, atrophy and fasciculations with decreased muscle tone. What type of motor neuron lesion?

57
Q

Spastic paralysis, (+) clonus and pathologic response with increased muscle tone refers to____

A

Upper motor neuron lesion

58
Q

Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum refers to the ____ lobe of the cerebellum

A

Anterior lobe

59
Q

Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellum - refers to the ___ lobe of the cerebellum

A

Posterior lobe - cerebral cortex

60
Q

Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellum: is the ____ lobe of cerebellum; also the smallest lobe

A

Floculonodular lobe - vestibular apparatus

61
Q

Lobe of the cerebellum for coordination of voluntary movements

A

Posterior lobe

62
Q

Lobe of the cerebellum maintain coordination of limb movements while the movements are being executed, regulation of muscle tone

A

Anterior lobe

63
Q

Lobe of the cerebellum responsible for coordination of the paraxial muscles associated withequilibrium

A

Flocculonodular lobe

64
Q

Presents with Ataxia resulting to intention tremor, dysmetria and dysdiadokinesia

A

Posterior lobe syndrome

65
Q

Presents with loss of coordination chiefly in the lower limbs, marked gait instability

A

Anterior lobe syndrome

66
Q

Presents with truncal ataxia

A

Flocculonodular lobe syndrome

Anatomy - Review (3 decks)

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