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Anatomy - Review > Basic Anatomy - Lower Extremities > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy - Lower Extremities Flashcards

0
Q

Quadriceps/Patellar tendon - common insertion of what thigh muscles?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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1
Q

Rectus femoris: origin

A

Anterior iliac spine - function: flex at hip joint and extend at knee joint

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4
Q

Common insertion of Iliacus and Psoas muscles

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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5
Q

Thigh has three compartments: if the anterior compartment were flexors then the medial compartment would be?

A

ADDUCTORS - posterior were extensors

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7
Q

Medial thigh compartments - adducts the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

A

Obturator nerve

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8
Q

All are medial thigh muscles except:

Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor magnus

A

Pectineus - anterior thigh muscle

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9
Q

Common insertion of adductor muscles

A

Linea aspera of femur

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10
Q

Adductor tubercle of femur is the insertion of hamstring part of

A

Adductor magnus - both has adductor and extensor function

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11
Q

Nerve blocked during s femoral vein catheterization

A

Genitofemoral nerve

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12
Q

Anterior thigh muscles : flexors of the thigh and extensors of the leg is innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

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13
Q

Extensors of the thigh - posterior thigh muscles - flexor of the leg is innervated by?

A

Sciatic nerve

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14
Q

Common origin of hamstring muscles

A

Ischial tuberosity

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15
Q

Common origin of Gluteal muscles:

A

Outer surface of ilium

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16
Q

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle (contains nerve, artery and vein of femoral branch)

A

Inguinal ligament
Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius

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17
Q

Greater trochanter of femur is the common insertion for gluteal muscles except what muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus - gluteal tuberosity

Quadratus femoris - quadrate tubercle

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18
Q

Lumbar plexus formed within the ___muscle by the ventral rami of L1-L4

A

Psoas major muscles

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19
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus, lateral border of Psoas

A

Femoral nerve - L2, L3, L4 - supplies the muscles on the anterior thigh and skin on antero-medial aspect

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20
Q

Quadriceps femoris is composed of what?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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21
Q

Lumbosacral trunk is composed of

A

L4 joins L5

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22
Q

Hernial sac of a femoral hernia is located?

A

BELOW and LATERAL to pubic tubercle

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23
Q

Obturator nerve is from ___. Medial border of Psoas, supplies medial thigh muscles and skin on the medial aspect of the thigh

A

L2, L3 and L4

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24
Q

Sacral plexus lies on the posterior pelvic wall in front of what muscle?

A

Piriformis muscle

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25
Q

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) leave the pelvis through ____ foramen

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen

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26
Q

Superior gluteal (L4-S1) innervates the ___ muscles

A

Gluteus medius/ Gluteus minimus

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27
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) innervates the ___ muscle.

A

Gluteus maximus

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28
Q

Sacral plexus is formed by the anterior rami of ___

A

L4 and L5 and S1 - S4

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29
Q

Pudendal nerve is from?

A

S2, S3 and S4

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30
Q

Lesion: weakend abduction of thigh by gluteus medius, “ waddling gait”, sagging of pelvis on the unsupported limb, (+) Trendelenburg sign

A

Superior gluteal nerve injury

31
Q

Patient had an accident resulting to weakness in the ability to laterally rotate and extend the thigh at hip joint. Has difficulty extending the thigh from flexed position: climbing stairs and rising from a chair. What lesion and muscle involved?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve injury - affecting the Gluteus maximus

32
Q

Sciatic nerve lesions as a result of a posterior dislocation of the femur commonly compressed what roots of the sacral plexus?

A

L5 and S1 roots are commonly compressed - pain radiates into the L5 and S1 dermatomes of the leg and foot

33
Q

Safest site for the intramuscular injections in the buttock?

A

Supeolateral part of the buttock - avoid hitting nerves and vessels

34
Q

Lesion with diminished patellar tendon reflex. Weakness in ability to flex the thigh at hip joint and ability to extend the leg at knee joint

A

Femoral nerve lesion

35
Q

Lesion that has no motor loss but more on pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot. Usually lesioned during surgical procedure of the leg

A

Saphenous nerve lesion

36
Q

Accident results to paresthesia in the skin of medial thigh and unable to adduct the thigh at the hip

A

Obturator nerve lesions - most commonly lesioned in the pelvis

37
Q

Refers to increased neck shaft angle changes

A

COXA VALGA - while COXA VARA is decreased neck shaft angle

38
Q

Classification used for femoral neck fracture

A

Garden classification

39
Q

True/False: during femoral neck fracture, femur is shortened with lateral rotation.

A

True

40
Q

Anterior leg muscles - dorsiflexion and extension are innervated by what nerve?

A

Deep Peroneal Nerve

41
Q

Lateral leg muscles - plantar flexion and evertion are innervated by what nerve?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

42
Q

Posterior leg muscles - plantar flexion and flexion- is innervated by what?

A

Tibial nerve

43
Q

Gastrocnemius and Soleus: collectively called ______

A

Triceps Surae - composed the Achilles Tendon

44
Q

It is the only muscle of the posterior leg muscles that cannot plantar flex.

A

Popliteus

45
Q

Landmark of Dorsalis pedis artery/ dorsalis pedis pulse

A

Between malleoli or 1st intermetatarsal space

46
Q

Great saphenous drains into

A

Femoral veins while Small saphenous drains into Popliteal vein

47
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves of the legs?

A
  1. Lateral cutaneous nerve
  2. Superficial peroneal nerve
  3. Saphanous nerve
48
Q

True/false: Peroneus: plantar flex and evert foot while Tibialis planter flex and invert

A

True

49
Q

Lesion: can’t stand on tiptoes with paresthesia on skin of posterior leg, sole and lateral foot

A

Tibial nerve lesion

50
Q

Lesion due to compression of neck of fibula, hip fracture or dislocation of femur results to footdrop and steppage gait, pain and paresthesia in lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

A

Common Peroneal/Fibular nerve lesions

51
Q

Lesion results to weakness on Eversion of foot

A

Superficial Peroneal lesions

52
Q

Lesion: footdrop and paresthesia in the skin of the webbed space between the great toe and the second toe

A

Deep Peroneal lesions

53
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine is the origin of what thigh muscle?

A

Sartorius - lateral rotation

55
Q

Muscles of gluteal region: extensor of the thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

64
Q

Fascial tunnel from apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus; contents - femoral vein/artery, saphenous nerve and nerve to vastud medialis

A

Adductor canal/Subsartorial canal/Hunter’s canal

65
Q

Nerve supply of the knee joint except:

Femoral n. Obturator n. Common peroneal n. Tibial n. Superficial peroneal n.

A

Superficial nerve - branch from common peroneal nerve

66
Q

Causes flexion of the knee joint except: Gracilis, Sartorius, Popliteus, Quadriceps femoris

A

Quadricep femoris - causes extension of knee joint not extension

67
Q

Extra capsular ligament involved in a forced adduction

A

Lateral collateral ligament

68
Q

Extra capsular ligament involved in forced abduction of the tibia

A

Medial collateral ligament

69
Q

Intracapsular ligament that prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur. Posterior displacement of the femur on tibia Lax during FLEXION

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

70
Q

Intracapsular ligament prevent backward sliding of the tibia on the femur, anterior displacement of the femur on tibia. Lax during EXTENDSION

A

Posterior cruciate ligaments

71
Q

Ligament attaches to the anterior aspect of tibia and courses posteriorly and externally to attach to the lateral condyle of the femur.

A

Anterior cruciate ligaments

72
Q

Ligament attaches to the posterior aspect of tibia and courses anteriorly and internally to attach to the medial condyle of the femur.

A

Posterior cruciate ligaments

73
Q

Commonly injured structures of the knee:

A

Terrible Triad - tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and ACL

74
Q

Comprises the Unhappy Triad of O’Donoghue

A

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

75
Q

Refers to the forward sliding of the tibia on the femur due to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior drawer sign

76
Q

Refers to the backward sliding of the tibia on the femur caused by rupture of the Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

A

Posterior Drawers Sign

77
Q

Refers to the collapse of the lateral compartment of the knee and rupture of the medial/tibial collateral ligament. Tibia is bent or twisted laterally

A

Knock knee/Genu Valgum

78
Q

Refers to the collapse of the medial compartment of the knee and rupture of the lateral/fibular collateral ligament. Tibia is bent medially

A

Bowleg/ Genu Varum

79
Q

Bones that composed the ankle joint?

A

Tibia, fibula, and Talus

Anatomy - Review (3 decks)

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