SKINNER MC Flashcards
Which term best describes B. F. Skinner?
a. determinist
b. psychotherapist
c. cognitive psychologist
d. sociologist
a
While in college, Skinner aspired to become a
a. professional baseball player.
b. writer.
c. psychologist.
d. lawyer.
b
Thorndike’s law of effect states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be
a. ignored.
b. stamped in.
c. stamped out.
d. extinguished.
b
John Watson argued that the goal of psychology is
a. to determine the drives that motivate behavior.
b. to study sensation, perception, and imagery.
c. to study behavior subjectively; that is, through introspection.
d. to study behavior objectively.
d
According to Skinner, internal mental states such as thinking, foresight, and reasoning
a. do not exist.
b. exist, but should not be used to explain behavior.
c. exist and should be used to explain behavior.
d. do not exist, but nevertheless can be used to explain human behavior.
e. are solely responsible for human behavior.
b
After Skinner’s younger brother died, his parents
a. blamed Skinner for the child’s death.
b. separated and later divorced.
c. did not want to let Skinner go.
d. insisted that Skinner return to Harvard and work toward a PhD.
c
Skinner believed the most crucial aspect of science is
a. measurement.
b. hypothesis testing.
c. explanations of natural phenomena.
d. valuing empirical observation.
d
Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes this procedure.
a. classical conditioning
b. punishment
c. cognitive mediation
d. successive approximation
d
Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes this procedure.
a. classical conditioning
b. punishment
c. cognitive mediation
d. successive approximation
d
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is a
a. negative reinforcer.
b. positive reinforcer.
c. reward.
d. negative punishment.
e. positive punishment.
a
Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because
a. reward is more humane than punishment.
b. punishment is more expensive.
c. the effects of punishment are less predictable.
d. the effects of reward are less predictable.
c
Allyson rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behavior is most likely an example of
a. classical conditioning.
b. social control of behavior.
c. punishment.
d. positive reinforcement.
e. negative reinforcement.
e
A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?
a. fixed-ratio
b. variable-ratio
c. fixed-interval
d. variable-interval
a
Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under this schedule of reinforcement.
a. continuous
b. variable-ratio
c. fixed-interval
d. variable-interval
a
Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?’
a. sleep
b. relief from a headache
c. praise
d. oxygen
c