EYSENCK ID Flashcards
a procedure that assumes that human traits can be measured by correlational studies
factor analysis
Eysenck used a hypothetico-deductive approach to extract three bipolar
factors—
extraversion/introversion
neuroticism/stability
psychoticism/superego
McCrae and Costa, like Eysenck, placed heavy emphasis on
biological components of personality.
High scores on the neuroticism scale may indicate
anxiety, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive disorders, or criminality;
High scores on psychoticism indicate
hostility, self-centeredness, suspicion, nonconformity, and antisocial behavior;
How many traits do most agree on
5
relatively permanent dispositions of people
traits
determine the extent to which each individual score contributes to the various factors, called
factor loadings
scaled from zero to some large amount
Unipolar traits
extend from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a midpoint.
bipolar traits
axes on which the scores are plotted are usually turned or rotated into a specific mathematical relationship with each other (Eysenck)
orthogonal rotation
advocated by Cattell
oblique method
Eysenck’s Criteria for Identifying Factors
must be reliable and replicable
must also possess ‘heritability’ and must fit
an established genetic model
must make sense from a theoretical view
must possess social relevance
Eysenck’s Hierarchy of Behavior Organization
specific acts or cognitions
Habitual acts or cognitions,
Several related habitual responses form a trait—the third level of behavior
Eysenck’s three personality dimensions are extraversion
extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and psychoticism (P)
all bipolar
Social psychologists explain behavior by the situation, whereas: personality psychologists attribute behavior to enduring ______.
traits
The five major dimensions of personality are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, ________, and openness to experience.
neuroticism
“Big Five” traits of personality and their widespread adoption and acceptance owes much to the research and theory of Robert McCrae and________
Paul Costa
Presently, most researchers who study personality traits agree that _____, and only _____, and no fewer than _____ dominant traits continue to emerge from factor analytic techniques.
5
Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only _____ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach
3
Allport’s major contribution to trait theory may have been his identification of nearly ______ trait names in an unabridged English language dictionary.
18,000
The Five-Factor Theory (often called_______) includes neuroticism and extraversion; but it adds openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
the Big Five
Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an _______ of gathering data; that is, they began with no preconceived bias concerning the number or name of traits or types.
inductive method
The largest and most frequently studied of the normal traits are the __ personality factors found on Cattell’s (1949) ____ Personality Factors Questionnaire (__ PF Scale).
16