EYSENCK ID

Question 1

a procedure that assumes that human traits can be measured by correlational studies

Answer 1

factor analysis

Question 2

Eysenck used a hypothetico-deductive approach to extract three bipolar
factors—

Answer 2

extraversion/introversion

neuroticism/stability

psychoticism/superego

Question 3

McCrae and Costa, like Eysenck, placed heavy emphasis on

Answer 3

biological components of personality.

Question 4

High scores on the neuroticism scale may indicate

Answer 4

anxiety, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive disorders, or criminality;

Question 5

High scores on psychoticism indicate

Answer 5

hostility, self-centeredness, suspicion, nonconformity, and antisocial behavior;

Question 6

How many traits do most agree on

Answer 6

5

Question 7

relatively permanent dispositions of people

Answer 7

traits

Question 8

determine the extent to which each individual score contributes to the various factors, called

Answer 8

factor loadings

Question 9

scaled from zero to some large amount

Answer 9

Unipolar traits

Question 10

extend from one pole to an opposite pole, with zero representing a midpoint.

Answer 10

bipolar traits

Question 11

axes on which the scores are plotted are usually turned or rotated into a specific mathematical relationship with each other (Eysenck)

Answer 11

orthogonal rotation

Question 12

advocated by Cattell

Answer 12

oblique method

Question 13

Eysenck’s Criteria for Identifying Factors

Answer 13

must be reliable and replicable

must also possess ‘heritability’ and must fit
an established genetic model

must make sense from a theoretical view

must possess social relevance

Question 14

Eysenck’s Hierarchy of Behavior Organization

Answer 14

specific acts or cognitions

Habitual acts or cognitions,

Several related habitual responses form a trait—the third level of behavior

Question 15

Eysenck’s three personality dimensions are extraversion

Answer 15

extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and psychoticism (P)

all bipolar

Question 16

Social psychologists explain behavior by the situation, whereas: personality psychologists attribute behavior to enduring ______.

Answer 16

traits

Question 17

The five major dimensions of personality are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, ________, and openness to experience.

Answer 17

neuroticism

Question 18

“Big Five” traits of personality and their widespread adoption and acceptance owes much to the research and theory of Robert McCrae and________

Answer 18

Paul Costa

Question 19

Presently, most researchers who study personality traits agree that _____, and only _____, and no fewer than _____ dominant traits continue to emerge from factor analytic techniques.

Answer 19

5

Question 20

Hans J. Eysenck insisted that only _____ major factors can be discerned by a factor analytic approach

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Allport’s major contribution to trait theory may have been his identification of nearly ______ trait names in an unabridged English language dictionary.

Answer 21

18,000

Question 22

The Five-Factor Theory (often called_______) includes neuroticism and extraversion; but it adds openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Answer 22

the Big Five

Question 23

Cattell and McCrae and Costa both used an _______ of gathering data; that is, they began with no preconceived bias concerning the number or name of traits or types.

Answer 23

inductive method

Question 24

The largest and most frequently studied of the normal traits are the __ personality factors found on Cattell’s (1949) ____ Personality Factors Questionnaire (__ PF Scale).

Answer 24

16

Question 25

Factor analysis is largely the collection and quantifying of observations, and then demonstrating ________.

Answer 25

correlations

Question 26

Traits generated through factor analysis may be either _______ or bipolar.

Answer 26

unipolar

Question 27

The advocates of the Five-Factor Theory favor the ________ rotation.

Answer 27

orthogonal

Question 28

The Big Five began as a ___________________ ; that is, a classification system.

Answer 28

taxonomy

Question 29

Costa and McCrae’s first two factors were neuroticism and ____________________.

Answer 29

extraversion

Question 30

Costa and McCrae’s A factor represents __________________

Answer 30

agreeableness

Question 31

Characteristic adaptations are among the ________________ components of personality.

Answer 31

core

Question 32

Eysenck was a native of Germany, but he lived most of his life in ___________________.

Answer 32

England

Question 33

Eysenck used __________________ analysis to identify personality variables.

Answer 33

factor

Question 34

Factor analysis is based on ______________________ coefficients.

Answer 34

correlation

Question 35

Introversion versus extraversion would be a ________________ trait.

Answer 35

bipolar

Question 36

Eysenck advocated a ______________-level hierarchy of behavior organization.

Answer 36

4

Question 37

Several habitual responses form a __________________

Answer 37

trait

Question 38

Several interrelated traits form a _____________________.

Answer 38

type = super trait = super factor

Question 39

Eysenck believed that differences in ____________________ arousal are primarily responsible for differences in the behavior of extraverts and introverts.

Answer 39

cortical

Question 40

In Eysenck’s theory, psychoticism is on one pole and _________________ on the other.

Answer 40

stability

Question 41

Eysenck’s N factor stands for ________________________ .

Answer 41

neuroticism

Question 42

Eysenck insisted that personality has a ___________________ basis.

Answer 42

biological

Question 43

Hans J. Eysenck’s early theoretical ideas led to the publication of his first book, _______________________.

Answer 43

Dimensions of Personality

Question 44

Eysenck’s final criterion for the existence of a factor is that it must possess ____________________.

Answer 44

social relevance