Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Skin tumours > Flashcards

Skin tumours Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Risk factors for BCC

A

Intermittent/childhood sun exposure

Fair skin

Ionising radiation

Arsenic

Genetic susceptibility - Gorlin’s, xeroderma pigmentosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Risk factors for SCC

A

Sun exposure

HPV, immunosuppression (more than BCC)

Chronic inflammation, ulceration

Arsenic, industrial carcinogens (e.g. tar)

Ionising radiation

Tobacco smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spectrum of epidermal dysplasia > SCC

A

Partial thickness: Solar keratosis

Full thickness: Bowen’s

Invasive to dermis: SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Appearance of solar keratosis

A

‘Sandpaper-like’ leions

Ill-defined, on erythematous background

Field changes on sun exposed areas (multifocal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Appearance of Bowen’s disease

A

Well-demarcated erythematous lesion

Often lower limbs

Asymptomatic (c.f. inflammation), slowly enlarging

Unresponsive to topical steroids, antifungals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of Bowen’s disease

A

Surgery

Cryotherapy (not on lower limbs)

5-FU topical (Efudix)

Topical imiquimod (Aldara)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk of progression of Bowens

A

3-5% to SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Met rate of SCC

A

3-4% dep on grade, thickness, site

higherthan bcc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Appearance of SCC

A

Polypoid/raise lesion

Keratotic, ulcerated centre

Rapidly enlarging (6w - 3mo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Appearance of keratoacanthoma

A

Very rapid growth (<6w) in late middle age

Spontaneous resolution leaving depressed scar

Keratotic plug - well-differentiated SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presentation of BCC

A

Ulcer with rolled edges (rodent ulcer)

Telangiectasia

Translucent, pearly white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of BCC

A

10% risk of other skin cancer

Locally destructivebut mets rare

80% in head and neck (Esp scalp, temples)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of BCC

A

Surgical excision

Radiotherapy

Cryotherapy, imiquimod if superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Variants of BCC

A

Ulcerative

Nodular

Superficial (not raised)

Pigmented (consider melanoma!)

Morphoeic (superficial changes don’t match deep, waxy, scar-like, indistinct border, mid-face)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of acquired melanocytic naevi

A

Junctional: at epidermal-dermal j(x), not raised

Compound: Raised naevus due to dermal involvement (‘wobble factor’), pigmented from epidermal involvement

Intradermal: Raised, non-pigmented

Halo: White rim around naevus

Blue: Dark blue/black

Spitz: In children, can be pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Assessment of changing naevus

A

Asymmetry

Border

Colour - darker worse, multiple worse irrespectiv of colour

Diameter (esp if >5mm)

Evolution - sensation, surface, surrounding skin

17
Q

Risk factors for melanoma

A

FHx (esp if >3 FDR)

PMHx of melanoma or blistering sunburn or other skin cancer

Multiple naevi (>100)

Atypical naevi

Red hair, blue eyes, fair skin

Immunosuppression

18
Q

What is Hutchinson’s sign

A

Extension of pigmented lesion into nail fold - signified subungual melanoma

19
Q

Classification of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading (shallow and wide. most common)

Nodular (raised and deep)

Acral lentiginous (most common in dark skin, in areas w/o hair follicles)

Lentigo maligna (more common in older patients c.f. other melanomas, sun-damaged skin e.g. skin)

20
Q

Prognostic signs for melanoma

A

Breslow thickness: From granular layer to deepest part of lesion, determines excision margin

Regression: White intermixed with pigmented, poor prognosis? indicates spread

Mitotic rate

Ulceration

Nodal status

21
Q

Average prognosis for melanoma

A

5-year survival >95% if Breslow <1, <50% if >3

22
Q

Management of melanoma

A

Surgical excision with narrow margins - confirm Dx

Repeat excision dep on tumour thickness

Dermaoscopy only if benign! If ?malignany always refer for excision biopsy

23
Q

Presentation of dermatofibroma

A

Button-like dermal lesion

Possible reaction to insect bite

May be itchy

On limbs

Do not spontaneously resolve

Dimple sign - displaces when squeezed

24
Q

Presentation of pyogenic granuloma

A

Solitary haemangioma following trauma, bleeds easily

In adults - histology for ?SCC/?amelanotic melanoma

Excise and ablate base

25
Q

Presentation of epidermoid cyst

A

Infolding of epidermis wihtin dermis

Keratin and lipid rich debris

Punctum visible

0.5-5cm

Affects trunk, scrotum, face, neck

26
Q

Presentation of seborrheic keratosis

A

Stuck on appearance

warty, greasy

In pt >30y

Face, trunk, upper limb

Cryotherapy or currettage and cautery

27
Q

Presentation of viral warts

A

Filliform papules

Not for cryotherapy

28
Q

Presentation of molluscom contagiosum

A

Umbilicated flesh coloured papule

HIV, immunocompromised, atopic eczema at higher risk

Very common

29
Q

Meyerson’s naevus

A

Benign melanocytic navus with surrounding steroid-responsive eczema

Dermatology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions