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Dermatology > Derm skills > Flashcards

Derm skills Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Weak topical steroid

A

Hydrocortisone

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2
Q

Moderately potent topical steroid

A

Eumovate (clobetasone butyrate)

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3
Q

Potent topical steroid

A

Betnovate (betamethasone)

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4
Q

Very potent topical steroid

A

Dermovate (clobetasol propionate)

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5
Q

Ointment vs cream

A

Ointment - most suitable for dry, non-hairy skin

Reduced excipients -> reduced risk of irritation

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6
Q

Side effects of topical steroids

A

Contact dermatitis - esp to excipients

Skin thinning/bruising/stretch marks (striae)

Telangiectasia

Hypertrichosis (increased hair thickness/length)

Periorificial dermatitis (Esp in children)

steroid rosacea

Very uncommon except w/ inappropriate use

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7
Q

Side effects of systemic steroids

A

Diabetes

Osteoporosis

Hypertension

Cushing’s

cataract

infection

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8
Q

Fitzpatrick skin types

A

I - never tans, always burns

II - sometimes tans, often burns

III - sometimes burns, always tans

IV - always tans, never burns

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9
Q

Key elements of HOPC in derm

A

Distribution - esp mucosa/genitalia and nails/scalp

Symptoms - esp pain/itch, discharge, bleeding

Evolution - change in size/appearance, intermittent or continuous

Triggers/relieving factors

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10
Q

Associated symptom systems to ask about

A

Eyes

Bowels

Joints

Systemic - fever/malaise/weight loss

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11
Q

PMHx to ask about in derm

A

Atopy

Skin conditions, cancer

Systemic inflamm - e.g. rheum, IBD

Sunburn (esp blistering as child)

New drugs

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12
Q

Social history in derm

A

Occupation, hobbies, travel

Pets

Tanning beds

Relation of lesions to work

Recent travel, illness, contact

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13
Q

Risk factors malignancy

A

Sun exposure/tanning beds

Family Hx

Skin type: burn or tan

immunosuppression

Prev cancer/FHx

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14
Q

Risk factors psoriasis

A

Meds - esp beta blockers, diuretic

Smoking

Stress

FHx

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15
Q

System for describing individual lesions

A

Site/size/shape

Colour

Associated 2ry change - tenderness/temp

Margin

Distribution if rash/multiple lesion

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16
Q

Blanching vs non-blanching rash

A

Blanching = erythema - due to vasodilation, inflamm

Non-blanching = petechiae, purpura - due to blood leaking out of vessels

17
Q

Describing flat changes in skin colour

A

Macule if small (0.5-1cm)

Patch if large

18
Q

Describing raised, fluid-filled lesions

A

Vesciles if small and clear

Bullae if large and clear

Pustules if small and pus-filled

Abscess if large and pus-filled

19
Q

Describing solid elevations

A

Papules if small and domed

Nodule if large and domed

Wheal if small anf flat, may be surrounded by erythematous flare, compressible, transient

Plaque if large and flat

20
Q

Describing skin loss

A

Erosion - partial epidermal loss

Ulcer - complete epidermal loss

Fissure - linear crack

Atrophy - epidermal thinning

21
Q

Describing secondary skin lesions

A

Scale: White flaking - indicates epidermal pathology

Crust - dried pus, sebum, blood; often coloured

Callus - hyperplastic epidermis, areas of friction

Lichenification - epidermal thickening with exaggerated skin markings (e.g. following repeated scratching)

22
Q

Describing vascular skin lesions

A
  • Blanching:
    • ​Telangiectasia: Easily visible blood vessels
    • Erythema: Local vasodilation
  • Non-blanching:
    • Petechiae: Pinhead sized
    • Purpura: Approx 2mm, due to blood leakage
    • Ecchymosis: A bruise, large purpura
23
Q

What is a milium

A

Small white cyst containing keratin

24
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Plug in sebaceous follicle containing alterd sebum, bacteria and cellular debris

25
Q

Derm management framework

A

Avoid triggers

Sun protection

soap substitutes, emollients

Patient education, DLQI

Topical - steroids

Physical - phototherapy, cryotherapy

Systemic - steroids, other immunosuppression

Surgical - excision

Dermatology (10 decks)

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