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Dermatology > Skin infections > Flashcards

Skin infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Difference between cellulitis and erysipelas

A

Erysipelas: More superficial, dermis and subcut tissue. RED RAISED WELL-DEMARCATED BORDER

Cellulitis: Inflammation of deep subcut tissues

Both need oral abx

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2
Q

Common causative agents for cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Strep pyogenes - treat with penicillin/erythromycin

Staph aureus - treat with flucloxacillin/erythromycin

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3
Q

Risk factors for cellulitis/erysipelas

A

Immunosuppression

Wounds/surgery

Ulcers

Toeweb intertrigo

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4
Q

Presentation of herpes simplex

A

Fever, lymphadenopathy

Gingivostomatitis - white vesicles > yellow ulcers in mouth and gums

HSV2 - Genital vesicles, painful/itchy, red, swollen

Paronychia esp in healthcare workers

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5
Q

Complications of herpes simplex

A

Eczema herpeticum - Rx eczema, aciclovir, abx

Dendritic ulcer - HSV in cornea, seen with fluorescein

Herpes encephalitis

Erythema multiforme

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6
Q

Presentation of herpes zoster

A

Pain, then blistering rash in dermatomal distribution

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome if ophthalmic division affected - ophtho review

Usually in elderly (reactivation)

Treat w/ IV acyclovir in first 48-72h

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7
Q

Presentation of molluscum contagiosum

A

Umbilicated papules (1-6mm)

Child <10yo

Papules contain white, cheesy material

Itchy, often with surrounding dermatitis

Do not occur on palm/soles > preference for warm, moist areas

Resolve spontaneously

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8
Q

Appearance of viral warts

A

HPV infection –> keratinocyte proliferation

Papules with hyperkeratotic surface

Topical salicylic acid for palm/foot

imiquimod/podophyllin for genital

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9
Q

Presentation of impetigo

A

Moist crusting surface

Epidermal infection

Common in children

Skin swab investigation + abx treatment

If blistering - bullous impetigo due to toxins vs desmoglein

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10
Q

Crust vs scale

A

Crust = dried sebum/pus/blood

Often bacterial/viral

Scale = dead keratinocytes - superficial/epidermal pathology

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11
Q

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome pathophysiology

A

Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin producing staph

Often more virulent and penicillin resistant

Epidermolytic

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12
Q

Preentation of PVL+ve staph infx

A

Infancy/early childhood

Perioral crusting, intraepidermal blistering, necrotic lesions

Painful, ‘scalded skin’ type lesion followed by large flaccid bulla

Develops over hours-days

Lasts 5-7d

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13
Q

Treatment of PVL +ve staph

A

Clindamycin

Analgesia

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14
Q

Presentation of tinea

A

Well-demarcated

Itchy

Annular, red raised border

Scaly/fissured

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15
Q

Presentation of tinea capitum

A

Inflammation + hair loss

Scaly

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16
Q

Presentation of tinea unguinum

A

Yellow discolouration

Thickened, crumbly nail

17
Q

Presentation of tinea incognito

A

Less scaly

Poorly demarcated

Treatment of tinea with steroids

18
Q

Presentation of candidiasis

A

White plaques in mucosal areas

Erythema with satellite lesions in flexures

19
Q

Management of tinea

A

Skin scraping/scalp brush/nail clippings for culture

Correct predisposing factors: immunosuppression, moistness

Topical antifungal for pedis - clotrimazole

Oral antifungal for others - terbinafine

20
Q

Presentation of scabies infection

A

Itch: 4-6w after infestation, very itchy, worse at night, associated with grey burrows, spares scalp

Burrows are mite infestation in stratum corneum

Rash: Several weeks after infestation, hypersensitivity reaction w/ erythema, urticaria, vesicles/papules

21
Q

Management of scabies

A

Contact tracing/screening

Was sheets/pillows/towels etc in hot water with start of treatment

Treat entire household with scabicide - topical pertmethrin for 24h

Rash persists for several weeks after treatment

22
Q

Risk factors for scabies

A

Poverty/overcrowdding

Refugee camps

Institutional care

Immunosuppression

23
Q

Presentation of crusted (Norwegian) scabies

A

Generalised scaly rash - esp wrists, finger webs, elbows, scrotum, breasts

Itch may be mild/absent - often misdiagnosed as psoriasis

Highly contagious!

Immunosuppressed/malnourished individuals or LD/neuro deficit

Treat w/ oral ivermectin

Dermatology (10 decks)

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