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dermatology > skin structure > Flashcards

skin structure Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer

stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

layers of skin at 16 weeks

A 
keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell layer
basal layer
dermis
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3
Q

what is the developmental growth pattern of skin

A

blaschko’s lines

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4
Q

what does skin consist of (layers)

A

epidermis
dermis
dermis is thicker

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5
Q

whats different about skin in the armpit

A

additional glands

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6
Q

differentiation

A

keratinocytes migrate from basement membrane

continuous regeneration

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7
Q

prickle cell layer

A

larger polyhedral cells

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8
Q

desmosomes

A

cell contact

allow cells to move about

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9
Q

if you dont have the filaggrin protein what happens

A

skin gets very dry

-excema

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10
Q

what cells in keratin layer

A

corneocytes

lamellar granules release lipid

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11
Q

what are the mucosal membranes

A

oral mucosa

ocular mucosa

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12
Q

name some epidermal cells

A

melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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13
Q

what are melanocytes

A

pigment producing dendritic cells

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14
Q

whats loss of pigment called

A

vitiligo

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15
Q

merkel cells

A

basal
between keratinocytes and nerve fibres
mechanoreceptors

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16
Q

whats merkel cell cancer caused by

A

viral infection

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17
Q

phases of hair follicle growth

A

anagen - growing
catagen - involuting
telogen - resting

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18
Q

dermo-epidermal junction

A

interface between epidermis and dermis

key role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

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19
Q

role of dermo-epidermal junction

A

support, anchorage, adhesion, growth and differentiation of basal cells
semi-permeable membrane acting as barrier and filter

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20
Q

what can happen when this junction goes wrong

A

bullous pemphigoid

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21
Q

what is dermis derived form

A

mesoderm

22
Q

what cells are in the dermis

A

mainly fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, langerhans cells

23
Q

what fibres are in dermis

A

collagen and elastin

24
Q

what is the function of blood vessels in the dermis

A

supply greater then metabolic needs

vessel walls well supported

25
Q

flow of the blood vessels in dermis

A

arteriole - precapillary sphincters - arterial - venous capillaries - post-capillary venules - collecting venules

26
Q

immune functions of lymphatic vessels in dermis

A

immune surveillance by circulating lymphocytes and langerhans cells
channelling of micro-organisms/toxins

27
Q

what nerves are in the dermis

A 
somatic sensory
-free nerve endings
-special receptors (pacinian and meissners)
automatic nerve supply
-blood vessels, nerves and glands
28
Q

pacinian

A

pressure nerve receptors

29
Q

meissners

A

vibration nerve receptors

30
Q

what is the pilosebaceous unit composed of

A

hair follicle
hair shaft
arrector pili muscle
sebaceous glands

31
Q

three segments of hair follicle

A

infundibulum
isthmus
hair bulb

32
Q

what are the three types of skin gland

A

sebaceous
apocrine
eccrine

33
Q

sebaceous glands

A

holocrine secretion opening into pilary canal
face chest back
when you hit puberty
produce sebum
control moisture loss and protection from fungal infection

34
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

develop as part of pilosbaceous unit

axillae, groin, eyelids, ears, mammary and perineal regions

35
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

whole skin surface

sympathetic cholinergic nerve supply

36
Q

what absorbs UV rays to protect DNA?

A

melanin

37
Q

what are the main functions of the skin

A 
barrier
metabolism and detoxification
thermoregulation
immune defence
communication
sensory functions
38
Q

where do splits cause blistering

A

dermo-epidermal junction

39
Q

what different tissue groups are found in the skin?

A 
epithelium
nervous tissue
connective tissue
glands
muscle
hair
adipose tissue
40
Q

Found over the whole body except the lips & genitals.

Coiled tubular structures which regulate heat and salt loss. What are these glands?

A

eccrine glands

41
Q

Limited to axillae/nipple/genitals.

Develop at puberty and open into hair follicles. What are these glands?

A

apocrine glands

42
Q

structure of a nail

A

nail plate
matrix
cuticle
hyponychium

43
Q

stage 1 of wound healing

A

inflammation Platelets form the initial clot and release inflammatory mediators.
Leucocytes debride the wound bed by phagocytosing bacteria and scavenging cellular debris.
Inflammation gradually decreases as keratinocyte proliferation and new tissue formation becomes predominant.

44
Q

stage 2 of wound healing

A

cells divide to re-epithelialise the wound surface. granulation tissue formation is stimulated
fibroblasts lay down matrix, and contract the wound
endothelial cells develop into new blood vessels

45
Q

stage 3 of wound healing

A

tissue remodelling
-new tissue is converted into mature scar tissue over a period of months.
fibroblasts lay down collagen to improve the tensile strength of the scar and restore the normal dermal matrix

46
Q

what is a surface slough

A

a mixture of dead cells, polymorphs and bacteria

47
Q

what is stage 1 of pressure sore development

A

Skin is unbroken but shows a pink or reddened area .May look like a mild sunburn. Skin may be tender, itchy or painful

48
Q

what is stage 2 of pressure sore development

A

Skin is red, swollen and painful. Blisters that may be broken or intact may be present. Upper layers of skin begin to die

49
Q

stage 3 of pressure sore development

A

Sore has broken through the skin and wound extends down to deeper layers of skin tissue.
Crater-like ulcers are present.
Wound is prone to infection

50
Q

stage 4 of pressure sore development

A

Sore extends past the skin and into fat, muscle and bone tissue .
Blackened dead tissue called eschar may be seen in deep opened wounds

dermatology (11 decks)

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